TY - JOUR
T1 - Rituximab Versus Cyclophosphamide for Central Nervous System Involvement of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
T2 - A Case Series
AU - Krishna, Rachana
AU - De Giacomi, Federica
AU - Kumar, Neeraj
AU - Kalina, Peter
AU - Specks, Ulrich
AU - Baqir, Misbah
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3/1
Y1 - 2021/3/1
N2 - Objective To compare the effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) with cyclophosphamide (CYC) in patients who have central nervous system (CNS) involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods A computer-assisted search was conducted to identify all adults who received a diagnosis of AAV with CNS involvement from January 1, 1997, through July 1, 2017, at our institution. Results Of the 17 patients identified, 11 had received RTX, and 6 had received CYC. Age at diagnosis of CNS involvement was similar in both groups. In the RTX group, 91% of the patients were women; in the CYC group, 33% were women (p = 0.03). At the time of CNS presentation, orbital involvement had occurred in 6 patients in the RTX group and in none of the patients in the CYC group. Initial remission of induction was achieved in all patients (100%) in the CYC group and in 10 patients (91%) in the RTX group. Two patients had no response to RTX: 1 patient when RTX was used for remission induction at the time of diagnosis and the second patient when RTX was used for remission induction after relapse. The median follow-up was 38 months (range, 9-127 months). Central nervous system relapse occurred in 4 patients in the RTX group and in 1 patient in the CYC group. Of the 4 patients in the RTX group with relapse, 3 had marked ocular involvement. Both nonresponder patients in the RTX group had ocular involvement. Conclusion Rituximab is as effective as CYC in remission induction in patients with CNS involvement in AAV.
AB - Objective To compare the effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) with cyclophosphamide (CYC) in patients who have central nervous system (CNS) involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods A computer-assisted search was conducted to identify all adults who received a diagnosis of AAV with CNS involvement from January 1, 1997, through July 1, 2017, at our institution. Results Of the 17 patients identified, 11 had received RTX, and 6 had received CYC. Age at diagnosis of CNS involvement was similar in both groups. In the RTX group, 91% of the patients were women; in the CYC group, 33% were women (p = 0.03). At the time of CNS presentation, orbital involvement had occurred in 6 patients in the RTX group and in none of the patients in the CYC group. Initial remission of induction was achieved in all patients (100%) in the CYC group and in 10 patients (91%) in the RTX group. Two patients had no response to RTX: 1 patient when RTX was used for remission induction at the time of diagnosis and the second patient when RTX was used for remission induction after relapse. The median follow-up was 38 months (range, 9-127 months). Central nervous system relapse occurred in 4 patients in the RTX group and in 1 patient in the CYC group. Of the 4 patients in the RTX group with relapse, 3 had marked ocular involvement. Both nonresponder patients in the RTX group had ocular involvement. Conclusion Rituximab is as effective as CYC in remission induction in patients with CNS involvement in AAV.
KW - central nervous system
KW - cyclophosphamide
KW - rituximab
KW - vasculitis
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U2 - 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001169
DO - 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001169
M3 - Article
C2 - 31567753
AN - SCOPUS:85102213874
SN - 1076-1608
VL - 27
SP - 64
EP - 72
JO - Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
JF - Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
IS - 2
ER -