Renal salt wasting in patients treated with cisplatin

F. N. Hutchison, E. A. Perez, D. R. Gandara, H. J. Lawrence, G. A. Kaysen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

85 Scopus citations

Abstract

Although cisplatin nephrotoxicity is well documented, renal sodium wasting has rarely been reported. Seven of seventy patients treated with cisplatin over 18 months developed salt-wasting nephropathy and orthostatic hypotension. All patients presented 2 to 4 months after starting cisplatin with severe orthostatic hypotension (mean orthostatic change in blood pressure, -37 ± 8 mm Hg) without preceding extrarenal volume loss or diuretic use. Urinary sodium concentration was 85 to 145 mmol/L, fractional excretion of sodium was 1.0% to 8.0%, and urinary osmolar concentration was 340 to 619 mmol/kg, while orthostatic hypotension was present. Six patients were hyponatremic (116 to 137 mmol/L). Serum creatinine and urea levels were elevated in five patients but fell after rehydration. Vasopressin averaged 5.4 pg/mL (2.1 to 12.7 pg/mL) (n=5) and was suppressed with hydration mean, 2.5 pg/mL, 1.5 to 4.3 pg/mL). Plasma renin activity was undetectable in two patients and low in three patients, and aldosterone was low in six patients despite clinical volume depletion. Cisplatin may produce renal salt wasting causing symptomatic orthostatic hypotension and hyponatremia associated with abnormalities of the renin-aldosterone system.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)21-25
Number of pages5
JournalAnnals of internal medicine
Volume108
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1988

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Internal Medicine

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