@article{b24803c666474239930bb85696fa6422,
title = "Relapses in multiple sclerosis: Relationship to disability",
abstract = "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a recurrent inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which ultimately causes substantial disability in many patients. A key clinical feature of this disease is the occurrence of relapses, consisting of episodes of neurological dysfunction followed by periods of remission. This review considers in detail the importance of the occurrence of relapses to the ultimate course of MS and the impact of relap setreatment (both acutely and prophylactically) on the long-term outcome for individuals. The ultimate goal of therapy in MS is the reduction of long-term disability. Clinical trials in MS, however, typically only extend for a very short time period compared to the time it takes for disability to evolve. Consequently, short-term outcome measures that are associated with, and predict, future disability need to be identified. In this regard, not only are relapses a characteristic feature of MS, they have also been proven to be associated with the occurrence of long-term disability. Moreover, treatments that reduce the number and severity of these attacks improve the long-term prognosis.",
keywords = "Disability, Lesion, MRI, Multiple sclerosis, Relapse, Treatment",
author = "Goodin, {Douglas S.} and Reder, {Anthony T.} and Bermel, {Robert A.} and Cutter, {Gary R.} and Fox, {Robert J.} and John, {Gareth R.} and Lublin, {Fred D.} and Lucchinetti, {Claudia F.} and Miller, {Aaron E.} and Daniel Pelletier and Racke, {Michael K.} and Trapp, {Bruce D.} and Timothy Vartanian and Emmanuelle Waubant",
note = "Funding Information: Daniel Pelletier, M.D. has received research grants from Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Hoffman-LaRoche, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and the NIH/NINDS. He has received consulting honoraria from Genzyme, Biogen Idec, Genentech, Novartis, Acorda, Vaccinex, and Questcor. Funding Information: The MS Summit 2013 was held in June 2013 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and was supported by Autoimmune and Rare Diseases Business (formerly Questcor), Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals . Funding Information: Claudia F. Lucchinetti, M.D. has received grant support from Novartis, Alexion, and Biogen. Funding Information: Robert J. Fox, M.D., F.A.A.N. has received personal consulting fees from Biogen Idec, GlaxoSmithKline, MedDay, Novartis, Questcor, Teva, and XenoPort; has served on advisory committees for Biogen Idec and Novartis; received research grant funding from Novartis; and serves on the editorial boards for Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Journal . Funding Information: Fred D. Lublin, M.D., F.A.A.N., F.A.N.A. has received research funding from Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., Biogen Idec, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., Teva Neuroscience, Inc., Genzyme, Sanofi, Celgene, Transparency Life Sciences, NIH, and NMSS Consulting. He has agreements with, attended advisory boards for, or is a member of a data safety monitoring board for Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Inc., Novartis, Teva Neuroscience, Actelion, Sanofi-Aventis, Acorda, Questcor, Roche, Genentech, Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, Revalesio, Coronado Bioscience, Genzyme, MedImmune, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Xenoport, Receptos, Forward Pharma, and to-BBB technologies. Dr. Lublin is a speaker (non-promotional) for Genzyme; the Co-Chief Editor for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases ; and has financial interests/stock ownership in Cognition Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: Editorial assistance was provided by MedVal Scientific Information Services, LLC, which was supported by Autoimmune and Rare Diseases Business (formerly Questcor), Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals. ",
year = "2016",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.msard.2015.09.002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "6",
pages = "10--20",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders",
issn = "2211-0348",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}