TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent advances in epithelium-derived cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin) and allergic inflammation
AU - Divekar, Rohit
AU - Kita, Hirohito
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/2/13
Y1 - 2015/2/13
N2 - Purpose of Review: Allergic diseases are thought to be driven by aberrant immune responses. Epithelium responds to various environmental factors by releasing key cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25. Although there are important differences among these cytokines, there are also similarities which confound a clear understanding of the exact roles of these cytokines. The purpose of this review is to analyze the advances in biology and functions of these cytokines over recent years, elucidate their differences and similarities, and provide new conceptual understanding as to their roles in allergic diseases. Recent Findings: There are distinct differences in the timing, onset, and kinetics of the responses and perhaps in the potency of action of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. Newer roles of these cytokines have been described, including airway remodeling and fibrosis-related functions (TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25), fetal-maternal interface (IL-33 and TSLP), T-cell biology (TSLP), group 2 innate lymphoid cell biology (TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25), and mast cell-neutrophil axis (IL-33). Novel roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and asthma have also been described. Summary: TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 are increasingly recognized to play important roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. More clear recognition of the differences and similarities of the immunological pathways mediated by these cytokines would help optimize the treatment for allergic diseases.
AB - Purpose of Review: Allergic diseases are thought to be driven by aberrant immune responses. Epithelium responds to various environmental factors by releasing key cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25. Although there are important differences among these cytokines, there are also similarities which confound a clear understanding of the exact roles of these cytokines. The purpose of this review is to analyze the advances in biology and functions of these cytokines over recent years, elucidate their differences and similarities, and provide new conceptual understanding as to their roles in allergic diseases. Recent Findings: There are distinct differences in the timing, onset, and kinetics of the responses and perhaps in the potency of action of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. Newer roles of these cytokines have been described, including airway remodeling and fibrosis-related functions (TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25), fetal-maternal interface (IL-33 and TSLP), T-cell biology (TSLP), group 2 innate lymphoid cell biology (TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25), and mast cell-neutrophil axis (IL-33). Novel roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and asthma have also been described. Summary: TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 are increasingly recognized to play important roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. More clear recognition of the differences and similarities of the immunological pathways mediated by these cytokines would help optimize the treatment for allergic diseases.
KW - Airway remodeling
KW - IL-25
KW - IL-33
KW - allergic inflammation
KW - asthma
KW - atopic dermatitis
KW - thymic stromal lymphopoietin
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U2 - 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000133
DO - 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000133
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25479313
AN - SCOPUS:84920876065
SN - 1528-4050
VL - 15
SP - 98
EP - 103
JO - Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 1
ER -