TY - JOUR
T1 - Race and sex-based differences in cytokine immune responses to smallpox vaccine in healthy individuals
AU - Haralambieva, Iana H.
AU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G.
AU - Kennedy, Richard B.
AU - Larrabee, Beth R.
AU - Shane Pankratz, V.
AU - Poland, Gregory A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number N01AI40065 (Contract No. HHSN266200400065C). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
PY - 2013/10
Y1 - 2013/10
N2 - We assessed the effects of sex, race and ethnicity on smallpox vaccine-induced immune responses in 1071 armed forces members after primary Dryvax® smallpox vaccination, including 790 males and 281 females; 580 Caucasians, 217 African-Americans, and 217 Hispanics. Analysis of vaccinia-specific cytokine responses revealed that Caucasians had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 57 spot-forming units/SFUs per 200,000 cells, p=0.01) and CD8+IFNγ ELISPOT responses (12 SFUs, p<0.001) than African-Americans (51 and 4 SFUs, respectively) and Hispanics (47 and 8 SFUs, respectively). Similarly, Caucasians secreted higher levels of vaccinia-specific IL-2 (p=0.003) and IFNα (p<0.001) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Males had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 55 SFUs) compared to females (41 SFUs, p<0.001). We observed statistically significant sex-related differences in the secretion of IL-2 (p<0.001), IL-1β (p<0.001) and IL-10 (p=0.017). These data suggest that vaccinia-specific cytokine responses following primary smallpox vaccination are significantly influenced by race and sex of vaccinees.
AB - We assessed the effects of sex, race and ethnicity on smallpox vaccine-induced immune responses in 1071 armed forces members after primary Dryvax® smallpox vaccination, including 790 males and 281 females; 580 Caucasians, 217 African-Americans, and 217 Hispanics. Analysis of vaccinia-specific cytokine responses revealed that Caucasians had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 57 spot-forming units/SFUs per 200,000 cells, p=0.01) and CD8+IFNγ ELISPOT responses (12 SFUs, p<0.001) than African-Americans (51 and 4 SFUs, respectively) and Hispanics (47 and 8 SFUs, respectively). Similarly, Caucasians secreted higher levels of vaccinia-specific IL-2 (p=0.003) and IFNα (p<0.001) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Males had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 55 SFUs) compared to females (41 SFUs, p<0.001). We observed statistically significant sex-related differences in the secretion of IL-2 (p<0.001), IL-1β (p<0.001) and IL-10 (p=0.017). These data suggest that vaccinia-specific cytokine responses following primary smallpox vaccination are significantly influenced by race and sex of vaccinees.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.031
DO - 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 23806267
AN - SCOPUS:84883788740
SN - 0198-8859
VL - 74
SP - 1263
EP - 1266
JO - Human Immunology
JF - Human Immunology
IS - 10
ER -