Pulmonary artery agenesis associated with emphysema and multiple invasive non-small cell lung cancers

Pulmonary artery (PA) agenesis in the absence of associated cardiac abnormalities is a rare congenital abnormality. It may remain undiagnosed until adulthood when patients present with respiratory symptoms such as hemoptysis, dyspnea, repeated respiratory infections, or pulmonary hypertension. Herein we present a case of a 50-year-old woman who was found to have multiple, morphologically distinct non-small cell lung cancers in association with agenesis of the PA. This instance represents the fourth reported case of such association in the English literature.