Prognostic impact of VEGF and VEGF receptor 1 (FLT1) expression in patients irradiated for stage II/III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Background and Purpose: The prognostic value of the tumor expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 1 (FLT1) is still unclear. This study investigated the impact of tumor expression of VEGF and FLT1 on outcomes in 61 patients irradiated for stage II/III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: The impact of tumor VEGF and FLT expression and twelve additional potential prognostic factors on locoregional control (LC), metastases-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS) were retrospectively evaluated. These factors included age, gender, performance status, histology, histological grade, T-category, N-category, surgery, chemotherapy, pack-years, smoking during radiotherapy, and hemoglobin levels during radiotherapy. Results: On univariate analysis, improved LC was associated with lower T-category (p = 0.046), lower N-category (p = 0.047), and not smoking during radiotherapy (p = 0.012). VEGF (p = 0.26) and FLT1 expression (p = 0.70) had no significant impact. On multivariate analysis, lower N-category (p = 0.037) maintained significance; not smoking during radiotherapy was almost significant (p = 0.052). On univariate analysis, improved MFS was associated with lower T-category (p = 0.034) and lower N-category (p = 0.027), and almost with hemoglobin ≥ 12 g/dl during radiotherapy (p = 0.053). VEGF (p = 0.80) and FLT1 expression (p = 0.61) had no significant impact. On multivariate analysis, lower N-category (p = 0.040) maintained significance. On univariate analysis, improved OS was associated with lower T-category (p = 0.028), lower N-category (p = 0.003), not smoking during radiotherapy (p = 0.047), and hemoglobin levels ≥ 12 g/dl during radiotherapy (p = 0.019). VEGF (p = 0.59) and FLT1 expression (p = 0.85) had no significant impact. On multivariate analysis, lower N-category (p = 0.011) maintained significance. Conclusion: Tumor expression of VEGF and FLT1 appear to have no significant impact on LC, MFS, or OS in patients irradiated for NSCLC.