Pregnancy history, coronary artery calcification and bone mineral density in menopausal women

Objective: This study examined relationships, by pregnancy histories, between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty women identified from their medical record as having pre-eclampsia (PE) were age/parity-matched with 40 women having a normotensive pregnancy (NP). Vertebral (T4–9) BMD and CAC were assessed by quantitative computed tomography in 73 (37 with PE and 36 with NP) of the 80 women. Analyses included linear regression using generalized estimating equations. Results: Women averaged 59 years of age and 35 years from the index pregnancy. There were no significant differences in cortical, trabecular or central BMD between groups. CAC was significantly greater in the PE group (p = 0.026). In multivariable analysis, CAC was positively associated with cortical BMD (p = 0.001) and negatively associated with central BMD (p = 0.036). There was a borderline difference in the association between CAC and central BMD by pregnancy history (interaction, p = 0.057). Conclusions: Although CAC was greater in women with a history of PE, vertebral BMD did not differ between groups. However, both cortical and central BMD were associated with CAC. The central BMD association was marginally different by pregnancy history, suggesting perhaps differences in underlying mechanisms of soft tissue calcification.