Polymorphisms in the vitamin A receptor and innate immunity genes influence the antibody response to rubella vaccination

Background. Genetic polymorphisms play an important role in rubella vaccine-induced immunity. Methods. We genotyped 714 healthy children after 2 age-appropriate doses of rubella-containing vaccine for 142 potential single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results. Specific polymorphisms in the vitamin A receptor, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), and tripartite motif 5 and 22 (TRIM5 and TRIM22) genes were significantly associated with rubella vaccine humoral immunity. The minor allele of the rs4416353 in the vitamin A receptor gene was associated with an allele dose-related decrease (P = .019) in rubella antibody response. The minor allele of rs6793694, in the vitamin A receptor gene, was associated with an allele dose-related antibody decrease (P = .039). The minor variant of nonsynonymous SNP rsl0813831 (Arg7Cys) in the RIG-I gene was associated with an allele dose-related decrease in rubella antibody level from 37.4 to 28.0 IU/mL (P = .035), whereas increased representation of the minor allele of the 5UTR SNP (rs3824949, P = .015) in the antiretroviral TRIM5 gene was associated with an allele dose-related increase in rubella antibody. It is of particular interest that the nonsynonymous SNP rs3740996 (His43Tyr) in the TRIM5 gene was associated with variations in rubella antibody response (P = .016) after having been previously found to play a significant functional role. Conclusions. These findings further expand our immunogenetic understanding of mechanisms of rubella vaccine-induced immunity.