Pilot evaluation of PD-1 inhibition in metastatic cancer patients with a history of liver transplantation: The Mayo Clinic experience

Thomas T. DeLeon, Marcela A. Salomao, Bashar A. Aqel, Mohamad B. Sonbol, Raquel T. Yokoda, Ahmad H. Ali, Adyr A. Moss, Amit K. Mathur, David M. Chascsa, Jorge Rakela, Alan H. Bryce, Mitesh J. Borad

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

28 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Patients with solid organ transplants (SOTs) have been excluded from programmed death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor clinical trials due to concern for allograft rejection. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy remains controversial in transplant patients. Methods: A retrospective pilot evaluation was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with liver transplantation (LT). The primary endpoint was the rate of allograft rejection. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Translational objectives included evaluation of tumor PD-L1, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and allograft PD-L1 expression. Results: Seven metastatic cancer patients with a history of LT who received PD-1 inhibitor therapy were included [hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), n=5; melanoma, n=2]. Rejection was observed in 2 of 7 patients. When rejection occurs it appears to be an early event with a median time to rejection of 24 days in our cohort. One patient achieved a complete response (CR), 3 patients had progressive disease (PD) and 3 patients discontinued therapy prior to restaging assessments. Two of five patients with available tissue had PD-L1 expression in the allograft and both developed rejection. One of five evaluable patients had abundant TILs. Two of five evaluable patients had PD-L1 tumor staining. The single patient with both abundant TILs and PD-L1 staining obtained a response. The median OS and PFS were 1.1 (0.3–21.1) and 1.8 (0.7–21.1) months, respectively. Conclusions: In this pilot evaluation both preliminary efficacy (1 of 4) and allograft rejection (2 of 7) were exhibited in evaluable patients. Larger, prospective trials are needed to elucidate optimal patient selection.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1054-1062
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Volume9
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2018

Keywords

  • Graft rejection
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
  • Immunotherapy
  • Liver transplantation (LT)
  • Melanoma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Pilot evaluation of PD-1 inhibition in metastatic cancer patients with a history of liver transplantation: The Mayo Clinic experience'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this