Phase i trial of cisplatin and topotecan in children with recurrent solid tumors: Children’s cancer group study 0942

Objectives To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of cisplatin after a 72-hour continuous infusion of topotecan. Patients and Methods Thirty-six children younger than age 22 years (range 3-21) with recurrent solid tumors were treated with cisplatin 45 to 75 mg/m² infused over the course of 6 hours, followed by a 72-hour continuous infusion of topotecan 0.75 or 1 mg/m² per day, followed by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), either immediately after treatment or when neutropenia developed. Patients were stratified by the presence of bone marrow tumor involvement and previous radiation to the bone marrow. Results The DLT was neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <500/ΜL for >7 days). The MTD was cisplatin 60 mg/m² and topotecan 1 mg/m² per day followed by G-CSF starting 24 hours after chemotherapy for patients without marrow involvement or previous radiation to the bone marrow. An acceptable MTD was not found for patients with previous radiation to the bone marrow or bone marrow involvement or without the use of G-CSF starting 24 hours after chemotherapy was completed. Topotecan clearance and steady-state levels were determined. Limited evidence for antitumor activity with this combination was found in rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusions The recommended dose for phase II trials is cisplatin 60 mg/m² followed by a 72-hour infusion of topotecan 1 mg/m² per day with G-CSF starting 24 hours after the completion of topotecan.