Pharmacogenomics of Medication-Induced Weight Gain and Antiobesity Medications

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease associated with a large number of comorbidities. The clinical management of obesity involves a stepwise integrated approach, beginning with behavioral and lifestyle modification, followed by antiobesity medications, endobariatric procedures, and bariatric surgery. Weight gain and subsequent obesity are common side effects of medications, such as prednisone or antipsychotics. In this era of precision medicine, it is essential to identify patients at the highest risk of weight gain as a result of medication use. Pharmacogenomics could play an important role in obesity management by optimizing use of antiobesity medications as well as minimizing adverse weight gain. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on the role of pharmacogenomics in obesity and medication-induced weight gain. In summary, there are more robust studies of medication associated with weight gain and pharmacogenomics, and more studies are needed to understand the role of pharmacogenomics in antiobesity medications.