TY - JOUR
T1 - Persistent antigen at vaccination sites induces tumor-specific CD8+ T cell sequestration, dysfunction and deletion
AU - Hailemichael, Yared
AU - Dai, Zhimin
AU - Jaffarzad, Nina
AU - Ye, Yang
AU - Medina, Miguel A.
AU - Huang, Xue Fei
AU - Dorta-Estremera, Stephanie M.
AU - Greeley, Nathaniel R.
AU - Nitti, Giovanni
AU - Peng, Weiyi
AU - Liu, Chengwen
AU - Lou, Yanyan
AU - Wang, Zhiqiang
AU - Ma, Wencai
AU - Rabinovich, Brian
AU - Schluns, Kimberly S.
AU - Davis, Richard E.
AU - Hwu, Patrick
AU - Overwijk, Willem W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank G. Lizee, N. Martin-Orozco and J. Khalili for their helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 1CA143077 (W.W.O.) and P01 CA128913 (P.H. and W.W.O.) and a Melanoma Research Alliance Established Investigator Award (W.W.O.).
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - To understand why cancer vaccine-induced T cells often do not eradicate tumors, we studied immune responses in mice vaccinated with gp100 melanoma peptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (peptide/IFA), which is commonly used in clinical cancer vaccine trials. Peptide/IFA vaccination primed tumor-specific CD8 + T cells, which accumulated not in tumors but rather at the persisting, antigen-rich vaccination site. Once there, primed T cells became dysfunctional and underwent antigen-driven, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-and Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis, resulting in hyporesponsiveness to subsequent vaccination. Provision of CD40-specific antibody, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and interleukin-2 (IL-2) reduced T cell apoptosis but did not prevent vaccination-site sequestration. A nonpersisting vaccine formulation shifted T cell localization toward tumors, inducing superior antitumor activity while reducing systemic T cell dysfunction and promoting memory formation. These data show that persisting vaccine depots can induce specific T cell sequestration, dysfunction and deletion at vaccination sites; short-lived formulations may overcome these limitations and result in greater therapeutic efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines.
AB - To understand why cancer vaccine-induced T cells often do not eradicate tumors, we studied immune responses in mice vaccinated with gp100 melanoma peptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (peptide/IFA), which is commonly used in clinical cancer vaccine trials. Peptide/IFA vaccination primed tumor-specific CD8 + T cells, which accumulated not in tumors but rather at the persisting, antigen-rich vaccination site. Once there, primed T cells became dysfunctional and underwent antigen-driven, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-and Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis, resulting in hyporesponsiveness to subsequent vaccination. Provision of CD40-specific antibody, Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and interleukin-2 (IL-2) reduced T cell apoptosis but did not prevent vaccination-site sequestration. A nonpersisting vaccine formulation shifted T cell localization toward tumors, inducing superior antitumor activity while reducing systemic T cell dysfunction and promoting memory formation. These data show that persisting vaccine depots can induce specific T cell sequestration, dysfunction and deletion at vaccination sites; short-lived formulations may overcome these limitations and result in greater therapeutic efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines.
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U2 - 10.1038/nm.3105
DO - 10.1038/nm.3105
M3 - Article
C2 - 23455713
AN - SCOPUS:84878469107
SN - 1078-8956
VL - 19
SP - 465
EP - 472
JO - Nature Medicine
JF - Nature Medicine
IS - 4
ER -