TY - JOUR
T1 - Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010)
T2 - A randomised controlled trial
AU - Herbst, Roy S.
AU - Baas, Paul
AU - Kim, Dong Wan
AU - Felip, Enriqueta
AU - Pérez-Gracia, José L.
AU - Han, Ji Youn
AU - Molina, Julian
AU - Kim, Joo Hang
AU - Arvis, Catherine Dubos
AU - Ahn, Myung Ju
AU - Majem, Margarita
AU - Fidler, Mary J.
AU - De Castro, Gilberto
AU - Garrido, Marcelo
AU - Lubiniecki, Gregory M.
AU - Shentu, Yue
AU - Im, Ellie
AU - Dolled-Filhart, Marisa
AU - Garon, Edward B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by Merck & Co. We thank the patients and their families and caregivers for participating in the study; LabCorp Clinical Trials (Los Angeles, CA, USA) for performing the PD-L1 screening; Dako (Carpinteria, CA, USA) for contributing to the development of the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay; Dean Harvey (LabCorp Clinical Trials) for providing the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry images shown in the appendix James C Knowles, Ann Marie Mantz, Andrea J Rybak-Feiglin, and Diane M Zawada (Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for study support; and Roger Dansey (Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for critical review of the report and study support. Medical writing support in the preparation of this report was provided by Tricia Brown and Melanie Leiby (The ApotheCom Merck oncology team, Yardley, PA, USA); this assistance was funded by Merck & Co.
Funding Information:
This study was funded by Merck & Co. We thank the patients and their families and caregivers for participating in the study; LabCorp Clinical Trials (Los Angeles, CA, USA) for performing the PD-L1 screening; Dako (Carpinteria, CA, USA) for contributing to the development of the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay; Dean Harvey (LabCorp Clinical Trials) for providing the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry images shown in the appendix ; James C Knowles, Ann Marie Mantz, Andrea J Rybak-Feiglin, and Diane M Zawada (Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for study support; and Roger Dansey (Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for critical review of the report and study support. Medical writing support in the preparation of this report was provided by Tricia Brown and Melanie Leiby (The ApotheCom Merck oncology team, Yardley, PA, USA); this assistance was funded by Merck & Co.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2016/4/9
Y1 - 2016/4/9
N2 - Background Despite recent advances in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, there remains a need for effective treatments for progressive disease. We assessed the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods We did this randomised, open-label, phase 2/3 study at 202 academic medical centres in 24 countries. Patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer with PD-L1 expression on at least 1% of tumour cells were randomly assigned (1:1:1) in blocks of six per stratum with an interactive voice-response system to receive pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival both in the total population and in patients with PD-L1 expression on at least 50% of tumour cells. We used a threshold for significance of p<0·00825 (one-sided) for the analysis of overall survival and a threshold of p<0·001 for progression-free survival. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01905657. Findings Between Aug 28, 2013, and Feb 27, 2015, we enrolled 1034 patients: 345 allocated to pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 346 allocated to pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, and 343 allocated to docetaxel. By Sept 30, 2015, 521 patients had died. In the total population, median overall survival was 10·4 months with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 12·7 months with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, and 8·5 months with docetaxel. Overall survival was significantly longer for pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg versus docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR] 0·71, 95% CI 0·58-0·88; p=0·0008) and for pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg versus docetaxel (0·61, 0·49-0·75; p<0·0001). Median progression-free survival was 3·9 months with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 4·0 months with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, and 4·0 months with docetaxel, with no significant difference for pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg versus docetaxel (0·88, 0·74-1·05; p=0·07) or for pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg versus docetaxel (HR 0·79, 95% CI 0·66-0·94; p=0·004). Among patients with at least 50% of tumour cells expressing PD-L1, overall survival was significantly longer with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg than with docetaxel (median 14·9 months vs 8·2 months; HR 0·54, 95% CI 0·38-0·77; p=0·0002) and with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg than with docetaxel (17·3 months vs 8·2 months; 0·50, 0·36-0·70; p<0·0001). Likewise, for this patient population, progression-free survival was significantly longer with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg than with docetaxel (median 5·0 months vs 4·1 months; HR 0·59, 95% CI 0·44-0·78; p=0·0001) and with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg than with docetaxel (5·2 months vs 4·1 months; 0·59, 0·45-0·78; p<0·0001). Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events were less common with pembrolizumab than with docetaxel (43 [13%] of 339 patients given 2 mg/kg, 55 [16%] of 343 given 10 mg/kg, and 109 [35%] of 309 given docetaxel). Interpretation Pembrolizumab prolongs overall survival and has a favourable benefit-to-risk profile in patients with previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. These data establish pembrolizumab as a new treatment option for this population and validate the use of PD-L1 selection.
AB - Background Despite recent advances in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, there remains a need for effective treatments for progressive disease. We assessed the efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients with previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods We did this randomised, open-label, phase 2/3 study at 202 academic medical centres in 24 countries. Patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer with PD-L1 expression on at least 1% of tumour cells were randomly assigned (1:1:1) in blocks of six per stratum with an interactive voice-response system to receive pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The primary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival both in the total population and in patients with PD-L1 expression on at least 50% of tumour cells. We used a threshold for significance of p<0·00825 (one-sided) for the analysis of overall survival and a threshold of p<0·001 for progression-free survival. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01905657. Findings Between Aug 28, 2013, and Feb 27, 2015, we enrolled 1034 patients: 345 allocated to pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 346 allocated to pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, and 343 allocated to docetaxel. By Sept 30, 2015, 521 patients had died. In the total population, median overall survival was 10·4 months with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 12·7 months with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, and 8·5 months with docetaxel. Overall survival was significantly longer for pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg versus docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR] 0·71, 95% CI 0·58-0·88; p=0·0008) and for pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg versus docetaxel (0·61, 0·49-0·75; p<0·0001). Median progression-free survival was 3·9 months with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 4·0 months with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg, and 4·0 months with docetaxel, with no significant difference for pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg versus docetaxel (0·88, 0·74-1·05; p=0·07) or for pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg versus docetaxel (HR 0·79, 95% CI 0·66-0·94; p=0·004). Among patients with at least 50% of tumour cells expressing PD-L1, overall survival was significantly longer with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg than with docetaxel (median 14·9 months vs 8·2 months; HR 0·54, 95% CI 0·38-0·77; p=0·0002) and with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg than with docetaxel (17·3 months vs 8·2 months; 0·50, 0·36-0·70; p<0·0001). Likewise, for this patient population, progression-free survival was significantly longer with pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg than with docetaxel (median 5·0 months vs 4·1 months; HR 0·59, 95% CI 0·44-0·78; p=0·0001) and with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg than with docetaxel (5·2 months vs 4·1 months; 0·59, 0·45-0·78; p<0·0001). Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events were less common with pembrolizumab than with docetaxel (43 [13%] of 339 patients given 2 mg/kg, 55 [16%] of 343 given 10 mg/kg, and 109 [35%] of 309 given docetaxel). Interpretation Pembrolizumab prolongs overall survival and has a favourable benefit-to-risk profile in patients with previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. These data establish pembrolizumab as a new treatment option for this population and validate the use of PD-L1 selection.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01281-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 26712084
AN - SCOPUS:84950117835
VL - 387
SP - 1540
EP - 1550
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
SN - 0140-6736
IS - 10027
ER -