Pay Attention with Focus: A Novel Learning Scheme for Classification of Whole Slide Images

Shivam Kalra, Mohammed Adnan, Sobhan Hemati, Taher Dehkharghanian, Shahryar Rahnamayan, Hamid R. Tizhoosh

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

Abstract

Deep learning methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are difficult to directly utilize to analyze whole slide images (WSIs) due to the large image dimensions. We overcome this limitation by proposing a novel two-stage approach. First, we extract a set of representative patches (called mosaic) from a WSI. Each patch of a mosaic is encoded to a feature vector using a deep network. The feature extractor model is fine-tuned using hierarchical target labels of WSIs, i.e., anatomic site and primary diagnosis. In the second stage, a set of encoded patch-level features from a WSI is used to compute the primary diagnosis probability through the proposed Pay Attention with Focus scheme, an attention-weighted averaging of predicted probabilities for all patches of a mosaic modulated by a trainable focal factor. Experimental results show that the proposed model can be robust, and effective for the classification of WSIs.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationMedical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021 - 24th International Conference, Proceedings
EditorsMarleen de Bruijne, Philippe C. Cattin, Stéphane Cotin, Nicolas Padoy, Stefanie Speidel, Yefeng Zheng, Caroline Essert
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages350-359
Number of pages10
ISBN (Print)9783030872366
DOIs
StatePublished - 2021
Event24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021 - Virtual, Online
Duration: Sep 27 2021Oct 1 2021

Publication series

NameLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume12908 LNCS
ISSN (Print)0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)1611-3349

Conference

Conference24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021
CityVirtual, Online
Period9/27/2110/1/21

Keywords

  • Classification
  • Multi-instance learning
  • Whole slide image

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • General Computer Science

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