TY - JOUR
T1 - Patent foramen ovale in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
T2 - Long-term risk and morbidity
AU - Gallo de Moraes, Alice
AU - Vakil, Abhay
AU - Moua, Teng
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Introduction Little is known about the presence of patent foramen ovale in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. While there is suspected worsening of hypoxemia confounding assessment and management of pulmonary hypertension, as well as possible increased morbidity from paradoxical emboli, there may be theoretical relief of worsening right-sided pressures by the same mechanism of right-to-left shunting. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group 1) via right heart catheterization, from 1998 to 2010. All patients also underwent a four chamber transthoracic echocardiogram with agitated saline contrast for the evaluation of patent foramen ovale. Primary clinical data was collected and compared between patients with and without patent foramen ovale along with univariable and multivariable predictors of long term survival. Results One hundred and fifty five patients were included in the study, 42 with patent foramen ovale (27%). Patients with patent foramen ovale were younger at pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosis and trended towards higher right ventricular systolic pressures on echocardiography and mean pulmonary arterial pressures by right heart catheterization. Predictors of mortality included age, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and severe hypoxemia. Only diffusing capacity and age were predictive of mortality after adjustment for a priori covariables. Conclusion Patent foramen ovale is seen in a quarter of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated with increased prevalence of severe hypoxemia but had no effect on long term survival.
AB - Introduction Little is known about the presence of patent foramen ovale in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. While there is suspected worsening of hypoxemia confounding assessment and management of pulmonary hypertension, as well as possible increased morbidity from paradoxical emboli, there may be theoretical relief of worsening right-sided pressures by the same mechanism of right-to-left shunting. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO Group 1) via right heart catheterization, from 1998 to 2010. All patients also underwent a four chamber transthoracic echocardiogram with agitated saline contrast for the evaluation of patent foramen ovale. Primary clinical data was collected and compared between patients with and without patent foramen ovale along with univariable and multivariable predictors of long term survival. Results One hundred and fifty five patients were included in the study, 42 with patent foramen ovale (27%). Patients with patent foramen ovale were younger at pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosis and trended towards higher right ventricular systolic pressures on echocardiography and mean pulmonary arterial pressures by right heart catheterization. Predictors of mortality included age, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and severe hypoxemia. Only diffusing capacity and age were predictive of mortality after adjustment for a priori covariables. Conclusion Patent foramen ovale is seen in a quarter of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated with increased prevalence of severe hypoxemia but had no effect on long term survival.
KW - Outcomes
KW - Patent foramen ovale
KW - Pulmonary arterial hypertension
KW - Pulmonary hypertension
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U2 - 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.07.007
DO - 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.07.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 27578471
AN - SCOPUS:84978922920
SN - 0954-6111
VL - 118
SP - 53
EP - 57
JO - Respiratory Medicine
JF - Respiratory Medicine
ER -