Pancreatoblastoma: Cytologic and histologic analysis of 12 adult cases reveals helpful criteria in their diagnosis and distinction from common mimics

Michelle D. Reid, Shristi Bhattarai, Rondell P. Graham, Burcin Pehlivanoglu, Carlie S. Sigel, Jiaqi Shi, Anjali Saqi, Maryam Shirazi, Yue Xue, Olca Basturk, Volkan Adsay

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Pancreatoblastoma (PBL) is a rare malignant pancreatic tumor seen predominantly in childhood, and its cytologic diagnosis remains challenging. Methods: Twelve fine-needle-aspirations from 11 adults were analyzed. Results: In total, 6 men and 5 women (median age, 45 years; age range, 32-60 years) had tumors measuring a median 5.6 cm (range, 2.5-12 cm) located in the pancreatic head (n = 7) or tail (n = 4), including 3 with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)/FAP-related syndromes and 4 with metastasis at diagnosis. The median follow-up was 39.8 months (range, 0.8-348 months), and 5 patients died of disease. The original cytology diagnoses were: PBL (n = 2), neuroendocrine neoplasm (n = 2), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 2), well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1), poorly differentiated carcinoma (n = 2), “positive for malignancy” (n = 1), acinar cell carcinoma (n = 1), and epithelioid neoplasm with endocrine and acinar differentiation versus PBL (n = 1). Universal cytopathologic findings included hypercellularity; 3-dimensional clusters; and single, monotonous, blast-like cells that were from 1.5 to 2.0 times the size of red blood cells with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, fine chromatin, small, distinct nucleoli, and a resemblance to well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Branching pseudopapillae (n = 7) and grooved nuclei (n = 3) raised the differential diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm, but with more atypia. Uncommon features included pleomorphism (n = 4) and numerous mitoses (n = 1). Squamoid morules were seen on smears (n = 5) or cell blocks (n = 6) in 70% of patients and were characterized by epithelioid cells with elongated, streaming nuclei, fine chromatin, absent nucleoli, and positive nuclear β-catenin (n = 6 of 8). The median Ki-67 index was 21% (range, 2%-70%), and neuroendocrine marker expression was common (100%), but acinar markers were variable (63%). Conclusions: A combination of cytologic findings in PBL, including a predominant population of primitive blast-like cells, subtle squamoid morules, frequent neuroendocrine and variable acinar phenotype, should facilitate accurate cytologic diagnosis and distinction from common mimics.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)708-719
Number of pages12
JournalCancer Cytopathology
Volume127
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2019

Keywords

  • cytology
  • fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
  • pancreas
  • pancreatoblastoma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Pancreatoblastoma: Cytologic and histologic analysis of 12 adult cases reveals helpful criteria in their diagnosis and distinction from common mimics'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this