Optical detection of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus

Optical spectroscopic and imaging techniques offer the potential to accurately identify tissue pathology in real time. These techniques exploit diagnostic molecular and/or structural information contained in light-tissue interactions, such as fluorescence, elastic scattering, and inelastic (Raman) scattering. In conjunction with endoscopy, they have the capacity to enhance lesion detection in premalignant conditions such as Barrett's esophagus. This article highlights the current status and future prospects of optical spectroscopy and imaging in Barrett's esophagus, with emphasis on their diagnostic potential for the detection of high-grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma.