Noninvasive evaluation of coronary collateral arterial flow by coronary computed tomographic angiography

Background-Coronary collateral fow is an alternative source of myocardial perfusion in patients with totally occluded coronary arteries. Clinical evaluation of collateral fow has been limited by the need of invasive measurements. We investigated whether noninvasive coronary computed tomographic angiography can evaluate the angiographic extent of coronary collateral fow. Methods and Results-We enrolled 325 coronary computed tomographic angiography cases with angiographically confrmed chronic total occlusion (median age, 63 years; men 83%). Transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG), which refects the kinetics of contrast media in coronary artery, of an entire artery as well as of a distal vessel was assessed to evaluate the fow in entire vessel and distal vessel. TAGs were validated against visually assessed angiographic collateral connection and Rentrop grading. TAG of an entire artery increased consistently according to the angiographic extent of collateral fow (P<0.001). Well-developed collaterals, defned by highest collateral connection and Rentrop grades (n=103), could be predicted by TAG of an entire artery (cutoff, ≥-7.6 Hounsfeld units/10 mm; c-statistics, 0.72; sensitivity, 65%; specifcity, 73%; positive predictive value, 52%; negative predictive value, 82%). TAG of a distal vessel could discriminate the antegrade (n=143) and retrograde (n=182) fows in distal artery (cutoff, 0.0 Hounsfeld unit/10 mm; c-statistics, 0.88; sensitivity, 78%; specifcity, 85%; positive predictive value, 87%; negative predictive value, 75%). Conclusions-TAG, an intracoronary attenuation-based analysis of coronary computed tomographic angiography, moderately refected the functional extent and direction of collateral fow.