TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-Linear Rituximab Pharmacokinetics and Complex Relationship between Rituximab Concentrations and Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
T2 - The RAVE Trial Revisited
AU - Bensalem, Amina
AU - Mulleman, Denis
AU - Paintaud, Gilles
AU - Azzopardi, Nicolas
AU - Gouilleux-Gruart, Valérie
AU - Cornec, Divi
AU - Specks, Ulrich
AU - Ternant, David
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2020/4/1
Y1 - 2020/4/1
N2 - Background and Objectives: Rituximab is approved in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and leads to a decrease of ANCA levels. The objectives of this study were to investigate the non-linear pharmacokinetics of rituximab and the relationship between its concentrations and ANCA levels in AAV patients. Methods: Ninety-two AAV patients from the RAVE (Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis) trial were assessed. Both ANCA anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) and anti-proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) levels were used as biomarkers. The pharmacokinetics of rituximab were described using a semi-mechanistic two-compartment model that included a latent target antigen turnover and allowed the estimation of specific target-mediated elimination in addition to its non-specific elimination of rituximab. The effect of rituximab on the ANCA level was described using a semi-mechanistic compartment model with a negative feedback (Friberg) model with no transit compartment. A population modeling approach was used. Results: Our pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models satisfactorily described both concentration–time and concentration–effect relationship data. The mean (inter-individual standard deviation) estimated non-specific clearance was 0.15 L/day (0.30%) and the target-mediated elimination rate constant was 2.4 × 10−5 nmol/day. The elimination half-lives for MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA were 24 and 18 days, respectively. Conclusions: A non-linear target-mediated elimination of rituximab was detected in AAV patients. Our PK-PD model allowed quantification of the association between rituximab concentrations and ANCA levels. This decrease was deep but delayed, and more sustained in patients with MPO-ANCA than in those with PR3-ANCA. Our results suggest that repeating courses of rituximab might improve the clinical response to rituximab.
AB - Background and Objectives: Rituximab is approved in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and leads to a decrease of ANCA levels. The objectives of this study were to investigate the non-linear pharmacokinetics of rituximab and the relationship between its concentrations and ANCA levels in AAV patients. Methods: Ninety-two AAV patients from the RAVE (Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis) trial were assessed. Both ANCA anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) and anti-proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) levels were used as biomarkers. The pharmacokinetics of rituximab were described using a semi-mechanistic two-compartment model that included a latent target antigen turnover and allowed the estimation of specific target-mediated elimination in addition to its non-specific elimination of rituximab. The effect of rituximab on the ANCA level was described using a semi-mechanistic compartment model with a negative feedback (Friberg) model with no transit compartment. A population modeling approach was used. Results: Our pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models satisfactorily described both concentration–time and concentration–effect relationship data. The mean (inter-individual standard deviation) estimated non-specific clearance was 0.15 L/day (0.30%) and the target-mediated elimination rate constant was 2.4 × 10−5 nmol/day. The elimination half-lives for MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA were 24 and 18 days, respectively. Conclusions: A non-linear target-mediated elimination of rituximab was detected in AAV patients. Our PK-PD model allowed quantification of the association between rituximab concentrations and ANCA levels. This decrease was deep but delayed, and more sustained in patients with MPO-ANCA than in those with PR3-ANCA. Our results suggest that repeating courses of rituximab might improve the clinical response to rituximab.
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U2 - 10.1007/s40262-019-00826-5
DO - 10.1007/s40262-019-00826-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 31586310
AN - SCOPUS:85074374416
SN - 0312-5963
VL - 59
SP - 519
EP - 530
JO - Clinical Pharmacokinetics
JF - Clinical Pharmacokinetics
IS - 4
ER -