Neuromyelitis optica IgG serostatus in fulminant central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease

Setty M. Magaña, Sean J. Pittock, Vanda A. Lennon, B. Mark Keegan, Brian G. Weinshenker, Claudia F. Lucchinetti

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

27 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The aquaporin-4-specific serum autoantibody neuromyelitis optica (NMO) IgG is a validated biomarker distinguishing NMO spectrum disorders from multiple sclerosis (MS). Because fulminant attacks are more common in NMO spectrum disorders than in MS, some investigators suggest thatNMOIgG may be a marker of destructive demyelination rather than a diseasespecific biomarker. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compareNMOIgG serostatus among patients with fulminant central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease (CNS IDD). Objective: To determine whether NMO IgG distinguishes patients withNMOspectrum disorders from those with other fulminant corticosteroid-refractory CNS IDD. Design: Descriptive historical cohort. Setting: Neuroimmunology laboratory and neurology practice, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. Patients: Serum samples from 74 patients who underwent plasmapheresis between February 24, 1993, and November 22, 2007, for a corticosteroid-refractory CNS IDD were tested for NMO IgG by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Main Outcome Measures: Two blinded observers scored serum samples tested at 1:120 dilution. Clinical data were obtained by medical record review. Results: Preplasmapheresis serum samples were available from 74 patients (ratio ofwomento men, 2:5); themean interval between blood draw and plasmapheresis was 13 days. At the time of plasmapheresis, the mean age of patients was 46 years (age range, 7-80 years); the mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 7.0 (score range, 3.5-9.5 [10.0 is death]). Diagnoses included MS (18 patients with definite and 11 patients with probable), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis involving at least 3 vertebral segments (20 patients),NMO(14 patients), transverse myelitis involving fewer than 3 vertebral segments (8 patients), optic neuritis (2 patients), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (1 patient). Neuromyelitis optica IgG was detected in 20 patients (27%) (10 with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, 9 withNMO,and 1 with recurrent optic neuritis) and was not detected in any patient with MS, short transverse myelitis, monophasic optic neuritis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Conclusion: Neuromyelitis optica IgG is a specific biomarker for NMO spectrum disorders and is not simply a marker of destructive CNS IDD.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)964-966
Number of pages3
JournalArchives of neurology
Volume66
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2009

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
  • Clinical Neurology

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