TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular and Functional Characterization of Rare CACNA1C Variants in Sudden Unexplained Death in the Young
AU - Sutphin, Brittan S.
AU - Boczek, Nicole J.
AU - Barajas-Martínez, Héctor
AU - Hu, Dan
AU - Ye, Dan
AU - Tester, David J.
AU - Antzelevitch, Charles
AU - Ackerman, Michael J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Introduction: Perturbations in the CACNA1C-encoded L-type calcium channel α-subunit have been linked recently to heritable arrhythmia syndromes, including Timothy syndrome, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, and long QT syndrome. These heritable arrhythmia syndromes may serve as a pathogenic basis for autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death in the young (SUDY). However, the contribution of CACNA1C mutations to SUDY is unknown. Objective: We set out to determine the spectrum, prevalence, and pathophysiology of rare CACNA1C variants in SUDY. Methods: Mutational analysis of CACNA1C was conducted in 82 SUDY cases using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and direct sequencing. Identified variants were engineered using site-directed mutagenesis, and heterologously expressed in TSA-201 or HEK293 cells. Results: Two SUDY cases (2.4%) harbored functional variants in CACNA1C. The E850del and N2091S variants involve highly conserved residues and localize to the II-III linker and C-terminus, respectively. Although observed in publically available exome databases, both variants confer abnormal CaV1.2 electrophysiological characteristics. Examination of the electrophysiological properties revealed the E850del mutation in CACNA1C led to a 95% loss-of-function in ICa, and the N2091S variant led to a 105% gain-of-function in ICa. Additionally, N2091S led to minor kinetic alterations including a −3.4 mV shift in V1/2 of activation. Conclusion: This study provides molecular and functional evidence that rare CACNA1C genetic variants may contribute to the underlying pathogenic basis for some cases of SUDY in either a gain or loss-of-function mechanism.
AB - Introduction: Perturbations in the CACNA1C-encoded L-type calcium channel α-subunit have been linked recently to heritable arrhythmia syndromes, including Timothy syndrome, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, and long QT syndrome. These heritable arrhythmia syndromes may serve as a pathogenic basis for autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death in the young (SUDY). However, the contribution of CACNA1C mutations to SUDY is unknown. Objective: We set out to determine the spectrum, prevalence, and pathophysiology of rare CACNA1C variants in SUDY. Methods: Mutational analysis of CACNA1C was conducted in 82 SUDY cases using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and direct sequencing. Identified variants were engineered using site-directed mutagenesis, and heterologously expressed in TSA-201 or HEK293 cells. Results: Two SUDY cases (2.4%) harbored functional variants in CACNA1C. The E850del and N2091S variants involve highly conserved residues and localize to the II-III linker and C-terminus, respectively. Although observed in publically available exome databases, both variants confer abnormal CaV1.2 electrophysiological characteristics. Examination of the electrophysiological properties revealed the E850del mutation in CACNA1C led to a 95% loss-of-function in ICa, and the N2091S variant led to a 105% gain-of-function in ICa. Additionally, N2091S led to minor kinetic alterations including a −3.4 mV shift in V1/2 of activation. Conclusion: This study provides molecular and functional evidence that rare CACNA1C genetic variants may contribute to the underlying pathogenic basis for some cases of SUDY in either a gain or loss-of-function mechanism.
KW - Arrhythmia
KW - CACNA1C
KW - Genetics
KW - Ion Channels
KW - Pediatrics
KW - Sudden Death
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84999779279&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84999779279&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/chd.12371
DO - 10.1111/chd.12371
M3 - Article
C2 - 27218670
AN - SCOPUS:84999779279
SN - 1747-079X
VL - 11
SP - 683
EP - 692
JO - Congenital Heart Disease
JF - Congenital Heart Disease
IS - 6
ER -