Microbiome at the Frontier of Personalized Medicine

Purna C. Kashyap, Nicholas Chia, Heidi Nelson, Eran Segal, Eran Elinav

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

64 Scopus citations

Abstract

The genomic revolution promises to transform our approach to treat patients by individualizing treatments, reducing adverse events, and decreasing health care costs. The early advances using this have been realized primarily by optimizing preventive and therapeutic approaches in cancer using human genome sequencing. The ability to characterize the microbiome, which includes all the microbes that reside within and upon us and all their genetic elements, using next-generation sequencing allows us to now incorporate this important contributor to human disease into developing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review we highlight the importance of the microbiome in all aspects of human disease, including pathogenesis, phenotype, prognosis, and response to treatment, as well as their role as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. We provide a role for next-generation sequencing in both precise microbial identification of infectious diseases and characterization of microbial communities and their function. Taken together, the microbiome is emerging as an integral part of precision medicine approach as it not only contributes to interindividual variability in all aspects of a disease but also represents a potentially modifiable factor that is amenable to targeting by therapeutics.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1855-1864
Number of pages10
JournalMayo Clinic proceedings
Volume92
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2017

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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