TY - JOUR
T1 - Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
T2 - The Iowa Women's Health Study (United States)
AU - Cerhan, James R.
AU - Habermann, Thomas M.
AU - Vachon, Celine M.
AU - Putnam, Shannon D.
AU - Zheng, Wei
AU - Potter, John D.
AU - Folsom, Aaron R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Iowa Women’s Health Study was supported the National Cancer Institute Grant R01 CA39741. Dr Cerhan was supported in part by a National
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Background: Endogenous sex hormones, particularly estrogens, modulate the immune system, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a tumor that is related to immunologic status. Methods: Self-reported menstrual and reproductive history and risk of NHL were evaluated in a cohort of 37,934 Iowa women who were aged 55-69 years when first enrolled in 1986. Through 1998, 261 cases of NHL were identified by linkage to the Iowa SEER Cancer Registry. Results: After multivariate adjustment there was no association between NHL incidence and age at menarche, age at menopause, type of menopause, history of infertility, number of miscarriages, or history of induced abortion, while there were suggestive inverse associations with nulliparity (RR=0.65; 95% CI 0.36-1.16) and years of ovulation (RR = 0.76 for ≥37 compared to <28 ovulatory years; p-trend = 0.07). Among parous women there was no association with number of livebirths or age at first livebirth, but there was an inverse association with number of children who were breast-fed (RR=0.52 for breast-feeding >2 children versus none; 95% CI 0.33-0.82). Conclusions: Overall, menstrual and reproductive factors were not strongly related to NHL incidence. The inverse association with breast-feeding is novel but requires confirmation in other studies.
AB - Background: Endogenous sex hormones, particularly estrogens, modulate the immune system, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a tumor that is related to immunologic status. Methods: Self-reported menstrual and reproductive history and risk of NHL were evaluated in a cohort of 37,934 Iowa women who were aged 55-69 years when first enrolled in 1986. Through 1998, 261 cases of NHL were identified by linkage to the Iowa SEER Cancer Registry. Results: After multivariate adjustment there was no association between NHL incidence and age at menarche, age at menopause, type of menopause, history of infertility, number of miscarriages, or history of induced abortion, while there were suggestive inverse associations with nulliparity (RR=0.65; 95% CI 0.36-1.16) and years of ovulation (RR = 0.76 for ≥37 compared to <28 ovulatory years; p-trend = 0.07). Among parous women there was no association with number of livebirths or age at first livebirth, but there was an inverse association with number of children who were breast-fed (RR=0.52 for breast-feeding >2 children versus none; 95% CI 0.33-0.82). Conclusions: Overall, menstrual and reproductive factors were not strongly related to NHL incidence. The inverse association with breast-feeding is novel but requires confirmation in other studies.
KW - Breast-feeding
KW - Cohort studies
KW - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
KW - Reproductive factors
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U2 - 10.1023/A:1014354105164
DO - 10.1023/A:1014354105164
M3 - Article
C2 - 11936819
AN - SCOPUS:0036125622
SN - 0957-5243
VL - 13
SP - 131
EP - 136
JO - Cancer Causes and Control
JF - Cancer Causes and Control
IS - 2
ER -