TY - JOUR
T1 - Menopause, hormone replacement and RR and QT modulation during sleep
AU - Lanfranchi, Paola A.
AU - Gosselin, Nadia
AU - Kara, Tomas
AU - Jurak, Pavel
AU - Somers, Virend K.
AU - Denesle, Régine
AU - Petit, Dominique
AU - Carrier, Julie
AU - Nadeau, Réginald
AU - Montplaisir, Jacques
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grants to J.M., J.C. and research fellowship to P.A.L.). T.K. and V.K.S. are supported by NIH grants HL-70302, HL-65176 and M01-RR00585.
PY - 2005/11
Y1 - 2005/11
N2 - Background and purpose: Sleep affects the RR interval in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and ventricular repolarization differentially in men and women. Compared to men, pre-menopausal women have a more pronounced shortening of RR interval and prolongation of QT and QT corrected (QTc, by Bazett's formula) ECG waves during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep-related RR and QT changes: (1) with the physiological decline in female hormones occurring with menopause, and (2) after hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone (HRT). Patients and methods: We analyzed ECG recordings from 14 post-menopausal women (48-61 years old) who underwent polysomnography before HRT (T1) and after 6 months of HRT (T2) with estrogen and progesterone. Eight of the post-menopausal women (48-54 years) were also compared to eight age-matched pre-menopausal women. In all subjects, mean RR interval, mean QT interval and QTc, were obtained from 1-min recordings selected from wakefulness, stage 2 and REM sleep. Results: Pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women showed similar changes in RR, QT and QTc intervals from wakefulness through sleep. Specifically, in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women the RR interval was shorter during REM sleep compared to wakefulness (P=0.009) and stage 2 sleep (P=0.001); the QT interval was more prolonged during stage 2 (P=0.002) and REM (P=0.006); and the QTc interval was significantly prolonged during stage 2 (P=0.01) and REM (P=0.0003) sleep compared to wakefulness. Among post-menopausal women, both before and after HRT (T1 and T2), RR interval shortened significantly during REM compared to wakefulness (P=0.03) and to stage 2 (P=0.002); the absolute QT interval was longer during stage 2, compared to both wakefulness (P<0.001) and REM (P<0.001); the QTc interval was increased during REM sleep compared to wakefulness (P=0.003). Conclusions: Sleep-related RR and QT changes in women are not altered by menopausal status nor by post-menopausal hormonal replacement with estrogen and progesterone.
AB - Background and purpose: Sleep affects the RR interval in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and ventricular repolarization differentially in men and women. Compared to men, pre-menopausal women have a more pronounced shortening of RR interval and prolongation of QT and QT corrected (QTc, by Bazett's formula) ECG waves during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sleep-related RR and QT changes: (1) with the physiological decline in female hormones occurring with menopause, and (2) after hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone (HRT). Patients and methods: We analyzed ECG recordings from 14 post-menopausal women (48-61 years old) who underwent polysomnography before HRT (T1) and after 6 months of HRT (T2) with estrogen and progesterone. Eight of the post-menopausal women (48-54 years) were also compared to eight age-matched pre-menopausal women. In all subjects, mean RR interval, mean QT interval and QTc, were obtained from 1-min recordings selected from wakefulness, stage 2 and REM sleep. Results: Pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women showed similar changes in RR, QT and QTc intervals from wakefulness through sleep. Specifically, in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women the RR interval was shorter during REM sleep compared to wakefulness (P=0.009) and stage 2 sleep (P=0.001); the QT interval was more prolonged during stage 2 (P=0.002) and REM (P=0.006); and the QTc interval was significantly prolonged during stage 2 (P=0.01) and REM (P=0.0003) sleep compared to wakefulness. Among post-menopausal women, both before and after HRT (T1 and T2), RR interval shortened significantly during REM compared to wakefulness (P=0.03) and to stage 2 (P=0.002); the absolute QT interval was longer during stage 2, compared to both wakefulness (P<0.001) and REM (P<0.001); the QTc interval was increased during REM sleep compared to wakefulness (P=0.003). Conclusions: Sleep-related RR and QT changes in women are not altered by menopausal status nor by post-menopausal hormonal replacement with estrogen and progesterone.
KW - Gender
KW - Hormones
KW - Menopause
KW - QT interval
KW - RR interval
KW - Sleep
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U2 - 10.1016/j.sleep.2005.03.009
DO - 10.1016/j.sleep.2005.03.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 16198144
AN - SCOPUS:27944444025
SN - 1389-9457
VL - 6
SP - 561
EP - 566
JO - Sleep Medicine
JF - Sleep Medicine
IS - 6
ER -