Measuring the phase of vibration of spheres in a viscoelastic medium as an image contrast modality

Detection of calcifications in breast is an important problem in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Vibro-acoustography is a recently developed method that uses the radiation force of ultrasound to create images of the mechanical response of an object at a low frequency using the magnitude or phase of the response. Small spheres are used to explore the use of the phase of vibration as a contrast modality for use in detection and identification of calcifications in breast tissue. An experiment is presented to measure the magnitude and phase of vibration at different frequencies. The theoretical and experimental results are compared for spheres of two different sizes. Phase images are shown in which five spheres of different density can be clearly distinguished from each other. With phase measurements and images, it is demonstrated that predictable image contrast exists for spheres of different density embedded in a viscoelastic medium.