Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Common Dementias

Neurodegenerative dementias are characterized by elevated myoinositol and decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels. The increase in myoinositol seems to precede decreasing NAA levels in Alzheimer's diseases. NAA/myo-inositol ratio in the posterior cingulate gyri decreases with increasing burden of Alzheimer's disease pathologic conditions. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) is sensitive to the pathophysiologic processes associated with the risk of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Although significant progress has been made in improving the acquisition and analysis techniques in ¹H MRS, translation of these technical developments to clinical practice have not been effective because of the lack of standardization for multisite applications and normative data and an insufficient understanding of the pathologic basis of ¹H MRS metabolite changes.