TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal antibody titer, avidity, and neutralizing responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection
AU - Monroe, Jonathon M.
AU - Haralambieva, Iana H.
AU - Warner, Nathaniel D.
AU - Grill, Diane E.
AU - Quach, Huy Quang
AU - Kennedy, Richard B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Kennedy holds patents related to the identification of epitopes from vaccinia virus, zika virus, and SARS-CoV-2 and has received grant funding from ICW Ventures for preclinical studies on a peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine. Dr. Kennedy has received funding from Merck Research Laboratories to study waning immunity to mumps vaccine and has consulted with Merck Research Laboratories and Sanofi Pasteur on MMR and influenza vaccine development. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest.
Funding Information:
Richard B. Kennedy was supported by the Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine Coronavirus Research Initiative Award. This work was supported by the Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, and National Institute of Health ( R01 AI48793 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - While waning immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variant immune escape continue to result in high infection rates worldwide, associations between longitudinal quantitative, qualitative, and functional humoral immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. In this study, we found significant waning of antibody against Spike S1 (R = −0.32, p = 0.035) and N protein (R = −0.39, p = 0.008), while RBD antibody moderately decreased (R = −0.19, p = 0.203). Likewise, neutralizing antibody titer (ND50) waned over time (R = −0.46, p = 0.001). In contrast, antibody avidity increased significantly over time for Spike S1 (R = 0.62, p = 6.0e−06), RBD (R = 0.54, p = 2.0e−04), and N (R = 0.33, p = 0.025) antibodies. Across all humoral responses, ND50 strongly associated with Spike S1 (R = 0.85, p = 2.7e−13) and RBD (R = 0.78, p = 2.9e−10) antibodies. Our findings provide longitudinal insight into humoral immune responses after infection and imply the potential of Spike S1/RBD antibody titer as surrogate correlates of protection.
AB - While waning immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variant immune escape continue to result in high infection rates worldwide, associations between longitudinal quantitative, qualitative, and functional humoral immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. In this study, we found significant waning of antibody against Spike S1 (R = −0.32, p = 0.035) and N protein (R = −0.39, p = 0.008), while RBD antibody moderately decreased (R = −0.19, p = 0.203). Likewise, neutralizing antibody titer (ND50) waned over time (R = −0.46, p = 0.001). In contrast, antibody avidity increased significantly over time for Spike S1 (R = 0.62, p = 6.0e−06), RBD (R = 0.54, p = 2.0e−04), and N (R = 0.33, p = 0.025) antibodies. Across all humoral responses, ND50 strongly associated with Spike S1 (R = 0.85, p = 2.7e−13) and RBD (R = 0.78, p = 2.9e−10) antibodies. Our findings provide longitudinal insight into humoral immune responses after infection and imply the potential of Spike S1/RBD antibody titer as surrogate correlates of protection.
KW - Antibody avidity
KW - COVID-19
KW - Humoral immunity
KW - Longitudinal immunity
KW - Neutralization
KW - SARS-CoV-2
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U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11676
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11676
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85142490267
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 8
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 11
M1 - e11676
ER -