TY - JOUR
T1 - Light exposure among adolescents with delayed sleep phase disorder
T2 - A prospective cohort study
AU - Auger, R. Robert
AU - Burgess, Helen J.
AU - Dierkhising, Ross A.
AU - Sharma, Ruchi G.
AU - Slocumb, Nancy L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This publication was made possible by grant 1 UL1 RR024150 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. Information on NCRR is available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/. Information on Reengineering the Clinical Research Enterprise can be obtained from http://nihroadmap.nih.gov. The authors wish to thank the Rochester Minnesota Public School District for their support of this project (with particular thanks to Jeffrey Lunde), Christina Suh for assistance with creation of figures, and Lori Solmonson for administrative and technical assistance.
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - The objective of this study was to compare light exposure and sleep parameters between adolescents with delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD; n=16, 15.3±1.8 yrs) and unaffected controls (n=22, 13.7±2.4 yrs) using a prospective cohort design. Participants wore wrist actigraphs with photosensors for 14 days. Mean hourly lux levels from 20:00 to 05:00h and 05:00 to 14:00h were examined, in addition to the 9-h intervals prior to sleep onset and after sleep offset. Sleep parameters were compared separately, and were also included as covariates within models that analyzed associations with specified light intervals. Additional covariates included group and school night status. Adolescent delayed sleep phase subjects received more evening (p<.02, 22:0002:00h) and less morning (p<.05, 08:0009:00h and 10:0012:00h) light than controls, but had less pre-sleep exposure with adjustments for the time of sleep onset (p<.03, 57h prior to onset hour). No differences were identified with respect to the sleep offset interval. Increased total sleep time and later sleep offset times were associated with decreased evening (p<.001 and p=.02, respectively) and morning (p=.01 and p<.001, respectively) light exposure, and later sleep onset times were associated with increased evening exposure (p<.001). Increased total sleep time also correlated with increased exposure during the 9h before sleep onset (p=.01), and a later sleep onset time corresponded with decreased light exposure during the same interval (p<.001). Outcomes persisted regardless of school night status. In conclusion, light exposure interpretation requires adjustments for sleep timing among adolescents with DSPD. Pre- and post-sleep light exposures do not appear to contribute directly to phase delays. Sensitivity to morning light may be reduced among adolescents with DSPD.
AB - The objective of this study was to compare light exposure and sleep parameters between adolescents with delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD; n=16, 15.3±1.8 yrs) and unaffected controls (n=22, 13.7±2.4 yrs) using a prospective cohort design. Participants wore wrist actigraphs with photosensors for 14 days. Mean hourly lux levels from 20:00 to 05:00h and 05:00 to 14:00h were examined, in addition to the 9-h intervals prior to sleep onset and after sleep offset. Sleep parameters were compared separately, and were also included as covariates within models that analyzed associations with specified light intervals. Additional covariates included group and school night status. Adolescent delayed sleep phase subjects received more evening (p<.02, 22:0002:00h) and less morning (p<.05, 08:0009:00h and 10:0012:00h) light than controls, but had less pre-sleep exposure with adjustments for the time of sleep onset (p<.03, 57h prior to onset hour). No differences were identified with respect to the sleep offset interval. Increased total sleep time and later sleep offset times were associated with decreased evening (p<.001 and p=.02, respectively) and morning (p=.01 and p<.001, respectively) light exposure, and later sleep onset times were associated with increased evening exposure (p<.001). Increased total sleep time also correlated with increased exposure during the 9h before sleep onset (p=.01), and a later sleep onset time corresponded with decreased light exposure during the same interval (p<.001). Outcomes persisted regardless of school night status. In conclusion, light exposure interpretation requires adjustments for sleep timing among adolescents with DSPD. Pre- and post-sleep light exposures do not appear to contribute directly to phase delays. Sensitivity to morning light may be reduced among adolescents with DSPD.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Circadian
KW - Delayed sleep phase disorder
KW - Light
KW - Sleep
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=81255201497&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3109/07420528.2011.619906
DO - 10.3109/07420528.2011.619906
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22080736
AN - SCOPUS:81255201497
SN - 0742-0528
VL - 28
SP - 911
EP - 920
JO - Chronobiology International
JF - Chronobiology International
IS - 10
ER -