TY - CHAP
T1 - Lifetime regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion
AU - Veldhuis, Johannes D.
AU - Iranmanesh, Ali
AU - Erickson, Dana
AU - Roelfsema, Ferdinand
AU - Bowers, Cyril Y.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Donna Scott for support in manuscript preparation, and Ashley Bryant for graphics assistance. This review was supported in part via the Center for Translational Science Activities (CTSA) Grant Number 1 UL 1 RR024150 to Mayo Clinic and Foundation from the National Center for Research Resources (Rockville, MD), and R01 NIA AG19695, and AG29362 from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD).
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Dynamic characteristics of the growth hormone (GH) axis are determined in part by developmental age, including fetal, neonatal, childhood, pubertal, young-adult and older-adult stages of life. The growth-promoting pituitary-dependent GH axis mediates soft-tissue and skeletal growth in puberty, and maintains body composition within relatively narrow bounds in puberty and adulthood. The hypothalamo-pituitary unit comprises a unique neuroendocrine interface, in which intermittent brain signals are delivered via a finite portal microvasculature to the multicellular anterior pituitary gland. The GHRH receptor is a GTP-dependent adenylyl cyclase-activating protein, with sequence homology to secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors. The prototypical endogenous GHS is ghrelin, a 28-amino acid acylated peptide, which requires an octanoyl group esterified to serine in N-terminal position 3 for maximal receptor activation. Other fatty acyl groups can also confer bioactivity. Low pulsatile GH secretion in aged individuals may be reversed acutely by simultaneous administration of GHRH, GHS and L-arginine.
AB - Dynamic characteristics of the growth hormone (GH) axis are determined in part by developmental age, including fetal, neonatal, childhood, pubertal, young-adult and older-adult stages of life. The growth-promoting pituitary-dependent GH axis mediates soft-tissue and skeletal growth in puberty, and maintains body composition within relatively narrow bounds in puberty and adulthood. The hypothalamo-pituitary unit comprises a unique neuroendocrine interface, in which intermittent brain signals are delivered via a finite portal microvasculature to the multicellular anterior pituitary gland. The GHRH receptor is a GTP-dependent adenylyl cyclase-activating protein, with sequence homology to secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors. The prototypical endogenous GHS is ghrelin, a 28-amino acid acylated peptide, which requires an octanoyl group esterified to serine in N-terminal position 3 for maximal receptor activation. Other fatty acyl groups can also confer bioactivity. Low pulsatile GH secretion in aged individuals may be reversed acutely by simultaneous administration of GHRH, GHS and L-arginine.
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U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-375097-6.10010-1
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-375097-6.10010-1
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84878656992
SN - 9780123750976
SP - 237
EP - 257
BT - Handbook of Neuroendocrinology
PB - Elsevier Inc.
ER -