TY - JOUR
T1 - Large-scale electrophysiology
T2 - Acquisition, compression, encryption, and storage of big data
AU - Brinkmann, Benjamin H.
AU - Bower, Mark R.
AU - Stengel, Keith A.
AU - Worrell, Gregory A.
AU - Stead, Matt
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the contributions of Ronald Barber, Lammert Bies, Arturo Campos, Andrew Gardner, and PK Niyaz. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant K23 NS47495) and by an Epilepsy Therapy Development Project grant from the Epilepsy Foundation of America.
PY - 2009/5/30
Y1 - 2009/5/30
N2 - The use of large-scale electrophysiology to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution brain recordings (>100 channels) capable of probing the range of neural activity from local field potential oscillations to single-neuron action potentials presents new challenges for data acquisition, storage, and analysis. Our group is currently performing continuous, long-term electrophysiological recordings in human subjects undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery using hybrid intracranial electrodes composed of up to 320 micro- and clinical macroelectrode arrays. DC-capable amplifiers, sampling at 32 kHz per channel with 18-bits of A/D resolution are capable of resolving extracellular voltages spanning single-neuron action potentials, high frequency oscillations, and high amplitude ultra-slow activity, but this approach generates 3 terabytes of data per day (at 4 bytes per sample) using current data formats. Data compression can provide several practical benefits, but only if data can be compressed and appended to files in real-time in a format that allows random access to data segments of varying size. Here we describe a state-of-the-art, scalable, electrophysiology platform designed for acquisition, compression, encryption, and storage of large-scale data. Data are stored in a file format that incorporates lossless data compression using range-encoded differences, a 32-bit cyclically redundant checksum to ensure data integrity, and 128-bit encryption for protection of patient information.
AB - The use of large-scale electrophysiology to obtain high spatiotemporal resolution brain recordings (>100 channels) capable of probing the range of neural activity from local field potential oscillations to single-neuron action potentials presents new challenges for data acquisition, storage, and analysis. Our group is currently performing continuous, long-term electrophysiological recordings in human subjects undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery using hybrid intracranial electrodes composed of up to 320 micro- and clinical macroelectrode arrays. DC-capable amplifiers, sampling at 32 kHz per channel with 18-bits of A/D resolution are capable of resolving extracellular voltages spanning single-neuron action potentials, high frequency oscillations, and high amplitude ultra-slow activity, but this approach generates 3 terabytes of data per day (at 4 bytes per sample) using current data formats. Data compression can provide several practical benefits, but only if data can be compressed and appended to files in real-time in a format that allows random access to data segments of varying size. Here we describe a state-of-the-art, scalable, electrophysiology platform designed for acquisition, compression, encryption, and storage of large-scale data. Data are stored in a file format that incorporates lossless data compression using range-encoded differences, a 32-bit cyclically redundant checksum to ensure data integrity, and 128-bit encryption for protection of patient information.
KW - Cyclic redundancy codes
KW - Data compression
KW - Data encryption
KW - EEG analysis
KW - Multiscale electrophysiology format
KW - Quantitative analysis
KW - Range encoding
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.03.022
DO - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.03.022
M3 - Article
C2 - 19427545
AN - SCOPUS:67349111264
SN - 0165-0270
VL - 180
SP - 185
EP - 192
JO - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
JF - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
IS - 1
ER -