TY - JOUR
T1 - Intravenous delivery of oncolytic reovirus to brain tumor patients immunologically primes for subsequent checkpoint blockade
AU - Samson, Adel
AU - Scott, Karen J.
AU - Taggart, David
AU - West, Emma J.
AU - Wilson, Erica
AU - Nuovo, Gerard J.
AU - Thomson, Simon
AU - Corns, Robert
AU - Mathew, Ryan K.
AU - Fuller, Martin J.
AU - Kottke, Timothy J.
AU - Thompson, Jill M.
AU - Ilett, Elizabeth J.
AU - Cockle, Julia V.
AU - Van Hille, Philip
AU - Sivakumar, Gnanamurthy
AU - Polson, Euan S.
AU - Turnbull, Samantha J.
AU - Appleton, Elizabeth S.
AU - Migneco, Gemma
AU - Rose, Ailsa S.
AU - Coffey, Matthew C.
AU - Beirne, Deborah A.
AU - Collinson, Fiona J.
AU - Ralph, Christy
AU - Anthoney, D. Alan
AU - Twelves, Christopher J.
AU - Furness, Andrew J.
AU - Quezada, Sergio A.
AU - Wurdak, Heiko
AU - Errington-Mais, Fiona
AU - Pandha, Hardev
AU - Harrington, Kevin J.
AU - Selby, Peter J.
AU - Vile, Richard G.
AU - Griffin, Stephen D.
AU - Stead, Lucy F.
AU - Short, Susan C.
AU - Melcher, Alan A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved.
PY - 2018/1/3
Y1 - 2018/1/3
N2 - Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), are reshaping cancer therapeutic strategies. Evidence suggests, however, that tumor response and patient survival are determined by tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. We hypothesized that preconditioning of the tumor immune microenvironment using targeted, virus-mediated interferon (IFN) stimulation would up-regulate tumor PD-L1 protein expression and increase cytotoxic T cell infiltration, improving the efficacy of subsequent checkpoint blockade. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a promising form of cancer immunotherapy. For brain tumors, almost all studies to date have used direct intralesional injection of OV, because of the largely untested belief that intravenous administration will not deliver virus to this site. We show, in a window-of-opportunity clinical study, that intravenous infusion of oncolytic human Orthoreovirus (referred to herein as reovirus) leads to infection of tumor cells subsequently resected as part of standard clinical care, both in high-grade glioma and in brain metastases, and increases cytotoxic T cell tumor infiltration relative to patients not treated with virus. We further show that reovirus up-regulates IFN-regulated gene expression, as well as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumors, via an IFN-mediated mechanism. Finally, we show that addition of PD-1 blockade to reovirus enhances systemic therapy in a preclinical glioma model. These results support the development of combined systemic immunovirotherapy strategies for the treatment of both primary and secondary tumors in the brain.
AB - Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), are reshaping cancer therapeutic strategies. Evidence suggests, however, that tumor response and patient survival are determined by tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. We hypothesized that preconditioning of the tumor immune microenvironment using targeted, virus-mediated interferon (IFN) stimulation would up-regulate tumor PD-L1 protein expression and increase cytotoxic T cell infiltration, improving the efficacy of subsequent checkpoint blockade. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a promising form of cancer immunotherapy. For brain tumors, almost all studies to date have used direct intralesional injection of OV, because of the largely untested belief that intravenous administration will not deliver virus to this site. We show, in a window-of-opportunity clinical study, that intravenous infusion of oncolytic human Orthoreovirus (referred to herein as reovirus) leads to infection of tumor cells subsequently resected as part of standard clinical care, both in high-grade glioma and in brain metastases, and increases cytotoxic T cell tumor infiltration relative to patients not treated with virus. We further show that reovirus up-regulates IFN-regulated gene expression, as well as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumors, via an IFN-mediated mechanism. Finally, we show that addition of PD-1 blockade to reovirus enhances systemic therapy in a preclinical glioma model. These results support the development of combined systemic immunovirotherapy strategies for the treatment of both primary and secondary tumors in the brain.
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U2 - 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7577
DO - 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7577
M3 - Article
C2 - 29298869
AN - SCOPUS:85040120941
SN - 1946-6234
VL - 10
JO - Science translational medicine
JF - Science translational medicine
IS - 422
M1 - eaam7577
ER -