@article{cb815b88c4ba4694a69d2b79371f5703,
title = "International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma",
abstract = "Several imaging technologies are used for the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine imaging are all used in an attempt to better clarify the extent of bone disease and soft tissue disease in MM. This review summarizes all available data in the literature and provides recommendations for the use of each of the technologies. Conventional radiography still remains the 'gold standard' of the staging procedure of newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma patients. MRI gives information complementary to skeletal survey and is recommended in MM patients with normal conventional radiography and in all patients with an apparently solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Urgent MRI or CT (if MRI is not available) is the diagnostic procedure of choice to assess suspected cord compression. Bone scintigraphy has no place in the routine staging of myeloma, whereas sequential dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans are not recommended. Positron emission tomography/CT or MIBI imaging are also not recommended for routine use in the management of myeloma patients, although both techniques may be useful in selected cases that warrant clarification of previous imaging findings, but such an approach should ideally be made within the context of a clinical trial.",
keywords = "Computed tomography, Conventional radiography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Multiple myeloma, Nuclear medicine imaging",
author = "M. Dimopoulos and E. Terpos and Comenzo, {R. L.} and P. Tosi and M. Beksac and O. Sezer and D. Siegel and H. Lokhorst and S. Kumar and Rajkumar, {S. V.} and R. Niesvizky and Moulopoulos, {L. A.} and Durie, {B. G.M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Rafat Abonour, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Ray Alexanian, MD Anderson, Houston, TX, USA Kenneth Anderson, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA Michael Attal, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France Herve Avet-Loiseau, Institute de Biologie, Nantes, France Ashraf Badros, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md, USA Leif Bergsagel, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Joan Blad{\'e}, Hospital Clinica, Barcelona, Spain Bart Barlogie, MIRT UAMS Little Rock, AR, USA Regis Batille, Institute de Biologie, Nantes, France Meral Beksac, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Andrew Belch, Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta,Canada Bill Bensinger, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA Mario Boccadoro, University of Torino, Torino, Italy Michele Cavo, Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Wen Ming Chen, MM Research Center of Beijing, Beijing, China Tony Child, Leeds General Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom James Chim, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Ray Comenzo, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA John Crowley, Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA, USA William Dalton, H Lee Moffitt, Tampa, FL, USA Faith Davies, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England C{\'a}rmino de Souza, Univeridade de Campinas, Caminas, Brazil Michel Delforge, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium Meletios Dimopoulos, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece Angela Dispenzieri, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Brian GM Durie, Cedars-Sinai Outpatient Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA Hermann Einsele, Universit{\"a}tsklinik W{\"u}rzburg, W{\"u}rzburg, Germany Theirry Facon, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France Dorotea Fantl, Socieded Argentinade Hematolgia, Buenos Aires, Argentina Jean-Paul Fermand, Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France Rafael Fonseca, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Gosta Gahrton, Karolinska Institute for Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden Morie Gertz, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA John Gibson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Sergio Giralt, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Hartmut Goldschmidt, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Philip Greipp, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Roman Hajek, Brno University, Brno, Czech Republic Izhar Hardan, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Funding Information: Jean-Luc Harousseau, Institute de Biologie, Nantes, France Hiroyuki Hata, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan Yutaka Hattori, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Joy Ho, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Vania Hungria, Clinica San Germano, Sao Paolo, Brazil Shinsuke Ida, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan Peter Jacobs, Constantiaberg Medi-Clinic, Plumstead, South Africa Sundar Jagannath, St Vincent{\textquoteright}s Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Hou Jian, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China Douglas Joshua, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Michio Kawano, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan Nicolaus Kr{\"o}ger, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Shaji Kumar, Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA Robert Kyle, Department of Laboratory Med and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA Juan Lahuerta, Grupo Espanol di Mieloma, Hospital Universitario, Madrid, Spain Jae Hoon Lee, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea Xavier LeLeu, Hospital Huriez, CHRU Lille, France Suzanne Lentzsch, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Henk Lokhorst, University Medical CenterUtrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Sagar Lonial, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta, GA, USA Heinz Ludwig, Wilhelminenspital Der Stat Wien, Vienna, Austria Angelo Maiolino, Rua fonte da Saudade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Maria Mateos, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Jayesh Mehta, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA GianPaolo Merlini, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Joseph Mikhael, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Philippe Moreau, University Hospital, Nantes, France Gareth Morgan, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, England Nikhil Munshi, Diane Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA Ruben Niesvizky, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Yana Novis, Hospital S{\'i}rioLiban{\^e}s, Bela Vista, Brazil Amara Nouel, Hospital Rutz y Paez, Bolivar, Venezuela Robert Orlowski, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Antonio Palumbo, Cathedra Ematologia, Torino, Italy Santiago Pavlovsky, Fundaleu, Buenos Aires, Argentina Linda Pilarski, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada Raymond Powles, Leukaemia & Myeloma, Wimbledon, England S Vincent Rajkumar, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Donna Reece, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada Tony Reiman, Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta, Canada Paul Richardson, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA Angelina Rodriquez Morales, Bonco Metro Politano de Sangre, Caracas, Venezuela Orhan Sezer, Department of Hem/Onc, Universitatsklinikum Charite, Berlin, Germany John Shaughnessy, MIRT UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA Kazuyuki Shimizu, Nagoya City Midori General Hospital, Nagoya, Japan David Siegel, Hackensack, Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA Jesus San Miguel, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Chaim Shustik, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Seema Singhal, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Pieter Sonneveld, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands",
year = "2009",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1038/leu.2009.89",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "23",
pages = "1545--1556",
journal = "Leukemia",
issn = "0887-6924",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "9",
}