@inproceedings{c830c99e76804f4091aa765e84edf262,
title = "Initial use of fast switched dual energy CT for coronary artery disease",
abstract = "Coronary CT Angiography (CTA) is limited in patients with calcified plaque and stents. CTA is unable to confidently differentiate fibrous from lipid plaque. Fast switched dual energy CTA offers certain advantages. Dual energy CTA removes calcium thereby improving visualization of the lumen and potentially providing a more accurate measure of stenosis. Dual energy CTA directly measures calcium burden (calcium hydroxyapatite) thereby eliminating a separate non-contrast series for Agatston Scoring. Using material basis pairs, the differentiation of fibrous and lipid plaques is also possible. Patency of a previously stentcd coronary artery is difficult to visualize with CTA due to resolution constraints and localized beam hardening artifacts. Monochromatic 70 keV or Iodine images coupled with Virtual Non-stcnt images lessen beam hardening artifact and blooming. Virtual removal of stainless steel stents improves assessment of in-stent re-stenosis. A beating heart phantom with 'cholesterol' and 'fibrous' phantom coronary plaques were imaged with dual energy CTA. Statistical classification methods (SVM, kNN, and LDA) distinguished 'cholesterol' from 'fibrous' phantom plaque tissue. Applying this classification method to 16 human soft plaques, a lipid 'burden' may be useful for characterizing risk of coronary disease. We also found that dual energy CTA is more sensitive to iodine contrast than conventional CTA which could improve the differentiation of myocardial infarct and ischemia on delayed acquisitions. These phantom and patient acquisitions show advantages with using fast switched dual energy CTA for coronary imaging and potentially extends the use of CT for addressing problem areas of non-invasive evaluation of coronary artery disease.",
keywords = "Agatston Score, Calcium hydroxyapatite, Cholesterol plaque, Dual energy CT, Dual phase CT, Fast switched CT, HAP, Lipid plaque, SVM, Soft plaque",
author = "William Pavlicek and Prasad Pans{\'e} and Amy Hara and Thomas Boltz and Robert Paden and Didem Yamak and Paul Licato and Naveen Chandra and Darin Okerlund and Sandeep Dutta and Rahul Bhotika and David Langan",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number #133477 ), the Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation of the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (grant number EGID678 ), and the Alberta Innovates — Health Solutions ' CRIO Team program (grant number #3769 ). We thank Yan Fan, Tammy Wilson, Janet Wang, Brooke Verhaeghe and Claudia Silva for skilled technical assistance.; Medical Imaging 2010: Physics of Medical Imaging ; Conference date: 15-02-2010 Through 18-02-2010",
year = "2010",
doi = "10.1117/12.844859",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780819480231",
series = "Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE",
number = "PART 2",
booktitle = "Medical Imaging 2010",
edition = "PART 2",
}