Incidence of acute kidney injury among critically ill patients with brief empiric use of antipseudomonal β-lactams with vancomycin

Diana J. Schreier, Kianoush B. Kashani, Ankit Sakhuja, Kristin C. Mara, Mohammad S. Tootooni, Heather A. Personett, Sarah Nelson, Andrew D. Rule, James M. Steckelberg, Aaron J. Tande, Erin F. Barreto

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Nephrotoxins contribute to 20%–40% of acute kidney injury (AKI) cases in the intensive care unit (ICU). The combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) and vancomycin (VAN) has been identified as nephrotoxic, but existing studies focus on extended durations of therapy rather than the brief empiric courses often used in the ICU. The current study was performed to compare the risk of AKI with a short course of PTZ/VAN to with the risk associated with other antipseudomonal β-lactam/VAN combinations. Methods. The study included a retrospective cohort of 3299 ICU patients who received ≥24 but ≤72 hours of an antipseudomonal β-lactam/VAN combination: PTZ/VAN, cefepime (CEF)/VAN, or meropenem (MER)/VAN. The risk of developing stage 2 or 3 AKI was compared between antibiotic groups with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for relevant confounders. We also compared the risk of persistent kidney dysfunction, dialysis dependence, or death at 60 days between groups. Results. The overall incidence of stage 2 or 3 AKI was 9%. Brief exposure to PTZ/VAN did not confer a greater risk of stage 2 or 3 AKI after adjustment for relevant confounders (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for PTZ/VAN vs CEF/VAN, 1.11 [.85–1.45]; PTZ/VAN vs MER/VAN, 1.04 [.71–1.42]). No significant differences were noted between groups at 60-day follow-up in the outcomes of persistent kidney dysfunction (P = .08), new dialysis dependence (P = .15), or death (P = .09). Conclusion. Short courses of PTZ/VAN were not associated with a greater risk of short- or 60-day adverse renal outcomes than other empiric broad-spectrum combinations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1456-1462
Number of pages7
JournalClinical Infectious Diseases
Volume68
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 24 2019

Keywords

  • Acute kidney injury
  • Critically ill
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Piperacillin-tazobactam
  • Vancomycin

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology (medical)
  • Infectious Diseases

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