Incidence, Burden, and Predictors of 11-Month Readmission in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Background: Bariatric surgery (BSx) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the USA. Nonetheless, data regarding 11-month period after BSx remain limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the 2016 National Readmission Database. Adult patients admitted for BSx in January were included. The follow-up period was 11 months (February–December). The primary outcome was all-cause 11-month readmission. Secondary outcomes were index admission (IA) and readmission in-hospital mortality rate and healthcare resource use associated with readmission. Multivariate regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for readmission. Results: A total of 13,278 IA were included. The 11-month readmission rate was 11.1%. The mortality rate of readmission was 1.4% and 0.1% for IA (P < 0.01). The most common cause of readmission was hematemesis. Independent predictors were Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score ≥ 3 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.34; P = 0.05), increasing length of stay (aHR 1.01; P < 0.01), transfer to rehabilitation facilities (aHR 5.02; P < 0.01), undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (aHR 1.71; P = 0.02), adjustable gastric band (aHR 14.09; P < 0.01), alcohol use disorder (2.10; P = 0.01), and cannabis use disorder (aHR 3.37; P = 0.01). Private insurance as primary payer (aHR 0.65; P < 0.01) and BMI 45–49 kg/m² (aHR 0.72; P < 0.01) were associated with less odds of readmission. The cumulative total hospitalization charges of readmission were $69.9 million. Conclusions: The 11-month readmission rate after BSx is 11.1%. Targeting modifiable predictors of readmission may help reduce the burden of readmissions on our healthcare system.