Incidence and risk factors for graft failure in the modern era of cord blood transplantation

Jennifer Holter Chakrabarty, Joshua Glover, Sara Schmidt, Minh Phan, Michelle Bycko, Quyen Duong, Sara K. Vesely, Caroline O'Neal, Chelsie Robertson, Christina Davis, Kristen Kratochvil, Carrie Yuen, Mohamad Khawandanah, George Selby, Rami Jassim, Kirsten M. Williams

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Graft failure (GF) after cord blood transplant (CBT) has decreased with improved supportive care and cord selection strategies. We aimed to evaluate cord blood selection and factors associated with retransplantation on the incidence of GF, determine risk factors for GF including host antibodies to Kell antigen and evaluate survival after GF. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 84 patients who underwent CBT at the University of Oklahoma between 2000 and 2016 and compared outcomes in patients with/without engraftment by Day 28. The nonengraftment cohort was further divided into patients who underwent retransplantation. Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests were calculated to assess the association between mortality and engraftment. Results: Engraftment following CBT was high at 81%, with 52% engrafting by Day 28 and an additional 29% engrafting by a median of 36 days. Retransplantation led to 88% engraftment at a median of 53 days. Overall, 75% of the 40 patients who did not engraft by Day 28 died. Female sex and total nucleated cell count < 3.5/kg were significantly associated with lack of engraftment and higher mortality. Antibodies to Kell fetal antigen were not identified. Retransplantation by Day 28 for primary GF conferred a survival advantage. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that failure to engraft by 28 days was associated with increased mortality, and risk was mitigated with early retransplantation. Female sex and low total cell dose were associated with increased mortality. Early identification of GF coupled with early retransplantation can reduce mortality in CBT.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1405-1410
Number of pages6
JournalVox Sanguinis
Volume117
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2022

Keywords

  • cord blood transplant
  • graft failure
  • haematopoietic stem cell
  • progenitor cell
  • transplantation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Hematology

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