TY - JOUR
T1 - In Vivo Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently Labeled Microbubbles
T2 - Implications for Ultrasound Localization Microscopy
AU - Lowerison, Matthew R.
AU - Huang, Chengwu
AU - Kim, Yohan
AU - Lucien, Fabrice
AU - Chen, Shigao
AU - Song, Pengfei
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received March 13, 2020; accepted April 12, 2020. Date of publication April 15, 2020; date of current version August 27, 2020. This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Grant R00CA214523 and Grant R01DK120559. (Corresponding author: Pengfei Song.) Matthew R. Lowerison and Pengfei Song are with the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, and also with the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA (e-mail: songp. . .edu).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1986-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - We report the time kinetics of fluorescently labeled microbubbles (MBs) in capillary-level microvasculature as measured via confocal microscopy and compare these results to ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). The observed 19.4 ± 4.2 MBs per confocal field-of-view (212μ m× 212 μ m) are in excellent agreement with the expected count of 19.1 MBs per frame. The estimated time to fully perfuse this capillary network was 193 s, which corroborates the values reported in the literature. We then modeled the capillary network as an empirically determined discrete-time Markov chain with adjustable MB transition probabilities though individual capillaries. The Monte Carlo random walk simulations found perfusion times ranging from 24.5 s for unbiased Markov chains up to 182 s for heterogeneous flow distributions. This pilot study confirms a probability-derived explanation for the long acquisition times required for super-resolution ULM.
AB - We report the time kinetics of fluorescently labeled microbubbles (MBs) in capillary-level microvasculature as measured via confocal microscopy and compare these results to ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). The observed 19.4 ± 4.2 MBs per confocal field-of-view (212μ m× 212 μ m) are in excellent agreement with the expected count of 19.1 MBs per frame. The estimated time to fully perfuse this capillary network was 193 s, which corroborates the values reported in the literature. We then modeled the capillary network as an empirically determined discrete-time Markov chain with adjustable MB transition probabilities though individual capillaries. The Monte Carlo random walk simulations found perfusion times ranging from 24.5 s for unbiased Markov chains up to 182 s for heterogeneous flow distributions. This pilot study confirms a probability-derived explanation for the long acquisition times required for super-resolution ULM.
KW - Microbubble (MB) tracking
KW - microvasculature
KW - super-resolution
KW - ultrasound microvessel imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090079416&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85090079416&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.2988159
DO - 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.2988159
M3 - Article
C2 - 32305910
AN - SCOPUS:85090079416
VL - 67
SP - 1811
EP - 1819
JO - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
JF - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
SN - 0885-3010
IS - 9
M1 - 9068283
ER -