Impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on hemodynamic status in patients with aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis: Doppler echocardiographic study

Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is often concomitant with aortic stenosis (AS). However, little is known about the functional status following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) alone in patients with severe AS and MS and the impact of TAVR for AS on MS hemodynamics. Methods: We enrolled 11 patients (age 83.6 ± 4.7 years, eight women) with severe AS and MS who underwent TAVR. We compared New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and mean transmitral pressure gradient (MPG), mitral valve area (MVA), and stroke volume (SV) measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography between baseline and after TAVR. We also examined the calcification of the mitral annulus and mitral leaflet opening. Results: NYHA functional class improved after TAVR in all 11 patients. As SV increased after TAVR (52 ± 12 mL to 63 ± 18 mL, p = 0.041), MPG decreased and MVA increased (6.9 ± 3.8 mmHg to 5.1 ± 2.5 mmHg, p = 0.011 for MPG and 1.12 ± 0.25 cm² to 1.49 ± 0.43 cm², p = 0.035 for MVA). However, MPG increased in one patient in whom calcification extended into the entire anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and AML mobility was severely reduced. Conclusions: NYHA functional class and hemodynamic status of MS improved after TAVR in patients with severe AS and MS. TAVR might provide therapeutic efficacy for selected symptomatic severe AS patients with MS.