TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and beyond
AU - Marin-Acevedo, Julian A.
AU - Kimbrough, Erin Marie O.
AU - Manochakian, Rami
AU - Zhao, Yujie
AU - Lou, Yanyan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules play a critical role in T cell function. Tumor cells escape immune surveillance by promoting immunosuppression. Immunotherapy targeting inhibitory molecules like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 were developed to overcome these immunosuppressive effects. These agents have demonstrated remarkable, durable responses in a small subset of patients. The other mechanisms for enhancing anti-tumor activities are to target the stimulatory pathways that are expressed on T cells or other immune cells. In this review, we summarize current phase I/II clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and outline their advantages, limitations, and future directions.
AB - Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules play a critical role in T cell function. Tumor cells escape immune surveillance by promoting immunosuppression. Immunotherapy targeting inhibitory molecules like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 were developed to overcome these immunosuppressive effects. These agents have demonstrated remarkable, durable responses in a small subset of patients. The other mechanisms for enhancing anti-tumor activities are to target the stimulatory pathways that are expressed on T cells or other immune cells. In this review, we summarize current phase I/II clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and outline their advantages, limitations, and future directions.
KW - Cancer
KW - Co-stimulatory pathway
KW - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
KW - Immune checkpoint
KW - Immune evasion
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Tumor microenvironment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105710490&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85105710490&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13045-021-01085-3
DO - 10.1186/s13045-021-01085-3
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33980266
AN - SCOPUS:85105710490
SN - 1756-8722
VL - 14
JO - Journal of Hematology and Oncology
JF - Journal of Hematology and Oncology
IS - 1
M1 - 78
ER -