TY - JOUR
T1 - Immobilizing enzymes onto electrode arrays by hydrogel photolithography to fabricate multi-analyte electrochemical biosensors
AU - Yan, Jun
AU - Pedrosa, Valber A.
AU - Simonian, Aleksandr L.
AU - Revzin, Alexander
PY - 2010/3/24
Y1 - 2010/3/24
N2 - This paper describes a biomaterial microfabrication approach for interfacing functional biomolecules (enzymes) with electrode arrays. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel photopatterning was employed to integrate gold electrode arrays with the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOX) and lactate oxidase (LOX). In this process, PEG diacrylate (DA)-based prepolymer containing enzyme molecules as well as redox species (vinylferrocene) was spin-coated, registered, and UV cross-linked on top of an array of gold electrodes. As a result, enzyme-carrying circular hydrogel structures (600 μm diameter) were fabricated on top of 300 μm diameter gold electrodes. Importantly, when used with multiple masks, hydrogel photolithography allowed us to immobilize GOX and LOX molecules on adjacent electrodes within the same electrode array. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used to characterize biosensor electrode arrays. The response of the biosensor array was linear for up to 20 mM glucose with sensitivity of 0.9 μA cm?2 mM?1 and 10 mM lactate with sensitivity of 1.1 μA cm?2 mM?1. Importantly, simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate from the same electrode array was demonstrated. A novel strategy for integrating biological and electrical components of a biosensor described in this paper provides the flexibility to spatially resolve and register different biorecognition elements with individual members of a miniature electrode array. Of particular interest to us are future applications of these miniature electrodes for real-time monitoring of metabolite fluxes in the vicinity of living cells.
AB - This paper describes a biomaterial microfabrication approach for interfacing functional biomolecules (enzymes) with electrode arrays. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel photopatterning was employed to integrate gold electrode arrays with the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOX) and lactate oxidase (LOX). In this process, PEG diacrylate (DA)-based prepolymer containing enzyme molecules as well as redox species (vinylferrocene) was spin-coated, registered, and UV cross-linked on top of an array of gold electrodes. As a result, enzyme-carrying circular hydrogel structures (600 μm diameter) were fabricated on top of 300 μm diameter gold electrodes. Importantly, when used with multiple masks, hydrogel photolithography allowed us to immobilize GOX and LOX molecules on adjacent electrodes within the same electrode array. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used to characterize biosensor electrode arrays. The response of the biosensor array was linear for up to 20 mM glucose with sensitivity of 0.9 μA cm?2 mM?1 and 10 mM lactate with sensitivity of 1.1 μA cm?2 mM?1. Importantly, simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate from the same electrode array was demonstrated. A novel strategy for integrating biological and electrical components of a biosensor described in this paper provides the flexibility to spatially resolve and register different biorecognition elements with individual members of a miniature electrode array. Of particular interest to us are future applications of these miniature electrodes for real-time monitoring of metabolite fluxes in the vicinity of living cells.
KW - Enzyme-based electrodes
KW - Glucose and lactate detection
KW - Hydrogel micropatterning
KW - Microfabrication
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77952313104&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77952313104&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/am9007819
DO - 10.1021/am9007819
M3 - Article
C2 - 20356276
AN - SCOPUS:77952313104
SN - 1944-8244
VL - 2
SP - 748
EP - 755
JO - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
JF - ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
IS - 3
ER -