Imaging of the Liver and Biliary Tree

Recent major technological advances in Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have enabled the accurate, noninvasive detection and characterization of hepatic lesions. Due to its relative lower cost, availability and widespread distribution, CT is often the primary imaging modality in the initial evaluation of the liver. However, with comparatively superior lesion-to-liver contrast, ability to utilize hepatocyte-specific contrast agents, and lack of ionizing radiation, MRI is realizing an increasingly greater role in this regard. For assessment of the gallbladder and biliary system, ultrasound (US) remains a basic modality for the prompt diagnosis of stones and acute inflammatory or obstructing processes. Advanced CT & MR techniques are utilized for evaluating equivocal US findings, oncologic staging, preoperative planning and post-operative complications. This chapter reviews the discriminating imaging features of commonly encountered hepatobiliary pathology at cross-sectional imaging.