TY - JOUR
T1 - How Well Do We Understand the Long-Term Health Implications of Childhood Bullying?
AU - Zarate-Garza, Pablo Patricio
AU - Biggs, Bridget K.
AU - Croarkin, Paul
AU - Morath, Brooke
AU - Leffler, Jarrod
AU - Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo
AU - Tye, Susannah J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Once dismissed as an innocuous experience of childhood, bullying is now recognized as having significant psychological effects, particularly with chronic exposure. Victims of bullying are at risk for a number of psychiatric disturbances, and growing evidence suggests that the pathophysiological effects of bullying, as with other forms of trauma and chronic stress, create additional health risks. We review the literature on the known sequelae of bullying, including psychiatric and physiological health effects, with a focus on implications for the victim. In addition, since it is now well established that early and chronic exposure to stress has a significant negative impact on health outcomes, we explore the implications of this research in relation to bullying and victimization in childhood. In particular, we examine how aspects of the stress response, via epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic mediators, have the capacity to compromise mental and physical health, and to increase the risk of disease. Research on the relevant mechanisms associated with bullying and on potential interventions to decrease morbidity is urgently needed.
AB - Once dismissed as an innocuous experience of childhood, bullying is now recognized as having significant psychological effects, particularly with chronic exposure. Victims of bullying are at risk for a number of psychiatric disturbances, and growing evidence suggests that the pathophysiological effects of bullying, as with other forms of trauma and chronic stress, create additional health risks. We review the literature on the known sequelae of bullying, including psychiatric and physiological health effects, with a focus on implications for the victim. In addition, since it is now well established that early and chronic exposure to stress has a significant negative impact on health outcomes, we explore the implications of this research in relation to bullying and victimization in childhood. In particular, we examine how aspects of the stress response, via epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic mediators, have the capacity to compromise mental and physical health, and to increase the risk of disease. Research on the relevant mechanisms associated with bullying and on potential interventions to decrease morbidity is urgently needed.
KW - bullying
KW - health
KW - inflammation
KW - metabolism
KW - stress
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U2 - 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000137
DO - 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000137
M3 - Article
C2 - 28272133
AN - SCOPUS:85016198497
SN - 1067-3229
VL - 25
SP - 89
EP - 95
JO - Harvard Review of Psychiatry
JF - Harvard Review of Psychiatry
IS - 2
ER -