TY - JOUR
T1 - High grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated by radical cystectomy
T2 - A series of small cell, mixed neuroendocrine and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
AU - Gupta, Sounak
AU - Thompson, R. Houston
AU - Boorjian, Stephen A.
AU - Thapa, Prabin
AU - Hernandez, Loren P.Herrera
AU - Jimenez, Rafael E.
AU - Costello, Brian A.
AU - Frank, Igor
AU - Cheville, John C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - High grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) treated by cystectomy often carry an original diagnosis of typical urothelial carcinoma (UC). The correct diagnosis of HGNEC is critical in influencing the decision for early chemotherapy, potentially followed by cystectomy. The objective of this study was to characterise the features of HGNEC treated by radical cystectomy. The study consisted of 79 patients with HGNEC including small cell (68 patients), large cell neuroendocrine (LCNEC) (5 patients) and mixed neuroendocrine (mixed-NEC) carcinoma (6 patients) matched with 122 patients with UC, treated at our institution between 1987 and 2014. Morphometric analysis for cell and nuclear size as well as immunophenotyping for neuroendocrine markers and cell-cycle regulators were applied to tissue microarrays. Small cell, LCNEC and mixed-NEC are a morphological spectrum of high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with overlapping histological features, identical immunophenotype, Ki-67 proliferative rate and patient outcomes. Finally, the nuclear size criteria is misleading as HGNEC, particularly cases of LCNEC and mixed-NEC, may have enlarged nuclei compared to small cell carcinomas and are more prone to be misdiagnosed as UC, thereby preventing appropriate management.
AB - High grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) treated by cystectomy often carry an original diagnosis of typical urothelial carcinoma (UC). The correct diagnosis of HGNEC is critical in influencing the decision for early chemotherapy, potentially followed by cystectomy. The objective of this study was to characterise the features of HGNEC treated by radical cystectomy. The study consisted of 79 patients with HGNEC including small cell (68 patients), large cell neuroendocrine (LCNEC) (5 patients) and mixed neuroendocrine (mixed-NEC) carcinoma (6 patients) matched with 122 patients with UC, treated at our institution between 1987 and 2014. Morphometric analysis for cell and nuclear size as well as immunophenotyping for neuroendocrine markers and cell-cycle regulators were applied to tissue microarrays. Small cell, LCNEC and mixed-NEC are a morphological spectrum of high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with overlapping histological features, identical immunophenotype, Ki-67 proliferative rate and patient outcomes. Finally, the nuclear size criteria is misleading as HGNEC, particularly cases of LCNEC and mixed-NEC, may have enlarged nuclei compared to small cell carcinomas and are more prone to be misdiagnosed as UC, thereby preventing appropriate management.
KW - Cystectomy
KW - high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma
KW - large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
KW - small cell carcinoma
KW - urinary bladder
KW - urothelial carcinoma
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84958163058&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000301
DO - 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000301
M3 - Article
C2 - 26308137
AN - SCOPUS:84958163058
SN - 0031-3025
VL - 47
SP - 533
EP - 542
JO - Pathology
JF - Pathology
IS - 6
ER -