High-frequency oscillations in circulating amylin concentrations in healthy humans

Amylin is stored in the pancreatic β-cell granules and cosecreted with insulin in response to nutrient stimuli. To gain further insight into control of hormonal release in β-cell physiology, we examined whether amylin, like insulin, circulates in a high-frequency oscillatory pattern, and if it does, to compare the secretory patterns of the two hormones. Eight overnight-fasted healthy individuals were studied during intravenous glucose infusion (2.0 mg · kg^-1 · min^-1). Blood was collected every minute for 90 min and analyzed in triplicate for amylin, total amylin immunoreactivity (TAI), and insulin. Mean plasma concentrations of amylin (nonglycosylated), TAI (nonglycosylated plus glycosylated), insulin, and glucose were 2.77 ± 1.21 pmol/l, 7.60 ± 1.73 pmol/l, 50.4 ± 17.5 pmol/l, and 5.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l, respectively. The 90-min time series of amylin, TAI, and insulin were analyzed for periodicity (by spectral analysis, autocorrelation analysis, and deconvolution analysis) and regularity [by approximate entropy (ApEn)]. Significant spectral density peaks were demonstrated by a random shuffling technique in 7 (out of 7), 8 (out of 8), and 8 (out of 8) time series, respectively, whereas autocorrelation analysis revealed significant pulsatility in 5 (out of 7), 7 (out of 8), and 5 (out of 8), respectively. The dominant periodicity of oscillations determined by spectral analysis was 4.6 ± 0.3, 4.6 ± 0.4, and 6.5 ± 1.1 min/pulse, respectively (amylin vs. insulin, P = 0.017, TAI vs. insulin, P = 0.018). By deconvolution analysis, amylin and insulin periodicities were, respectively, 6.3 ± 1.0 and 5.5 ± 0.6 min. By application of the regularity statistic, ApEn, 6 (out of 7), 7 (out of 8), and 6 (out of 8), respectively, were found to be significantly different from random. In conclusion, like several other hormones, circulating amylin concentrations exhibit oscillations in the secretory patterns for nonglycosylated as well as glycosylated forms. Whether the high- frequency pulsatile release of amylin is disturbed in diabetes is not known.