TY - JOUR
T1 - Hepatocellular carcinoma
T2 - Epidemiology, pathogenesis and surveillance - implications for sub-Saharan Africa
AU - Zakharia, K.
AU - Luther, C. A.
AU - Alsabbak, H.
AU - Roberts, L. R.
PY - 2018/8/8
Y1 - 2018/8/8
N2 - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originates from hepatocytes usually secondary to chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. It is an important disease of global significance with a high incidence and mortality. It is the fifth and eighth most common cancer in males and females, respectively. HCC is also extremely lethal; in 2015 it was the second and sixth most common cause of death from cancer in males and females, respectively. Chronic viral hepatitis B and C are the most frequent risk factors for the development of HCC, and the global distribution of HCC largely mirrors that of chronic viral hepatitis. More recently, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of HCC as a result of obesity-related fatty liver disease. Here, we review the epidemiology of HCC, examine recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC, discuss the implications for identification of potential therapeutic targets, and provide the most updated recommendations on surveillance for HCC, with particular attention to the unique challenges and potential opportunities to reduce the burden of illness and death from HCC in sub-Saharan Africa.
AB - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originates from hepatocytes usually secondary to chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. It is an important disease of global significance with a high incidence and mortality. It is the fifth and eighth most common cancer in males and females, respectively. HCC is also extremely lethal; in 2015 it was the second and sixth most common cause of death from cancer in males and females, respectively. Chronic viral hepatitis B and C are the most frequent risk factors for the development of HCC, and the global distribution of HCC largely mirrors that of chronic viral hepatitis. More recently, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of HCC as a result of obesity-related fatty liver disease. Here, we review the epidemiology of HCC, examine recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC, discuss the implications for identification of potential therapeutic targets, and provide the most updated recommendations on surveillance for HCC, with particular attention to the unique challenges and potential opportunities to reduce the burden of illness and death from HCC in sub-Saharan Africa.
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U2 - 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i8b.13499
DO - 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i8b.13499
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30182911
AN - SCOPUS:85063648942
SN - 0256-9574
VL - 108
SP - 35
EP - 40
JO - South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
JF - South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
IS - 8
ER -