Gender effects on humoral immune responses to smallpox vaccine

Richard B. Kennedy; Inna G. Ovsyannikova; V. Shane Pankratz; Robert A. Vierkant; Robert M. Jacobson; Margaret A.K. Ryan; Gregory A. Poland

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.086

Gender effects on humoral immune responses to smallpox vaccine

Richard B. Kennedy, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, V. Shane Pankratz, Robert A. Vierkant, Robert M. Jacobson, Margaret A.K. Ryan, Gregory A. Poland

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

62 Scopus citations

Abstract

There are no data currently available on gender and racial variation in smallpox vaccine immune responses. We recruited 1076 healthy adults 18-40 years old who received one dose of the US-licensed smallpox vaccine (Dryvax^®). Vaccinia neutralizing antibody titers in each subject's serum were determined using a high throughput neutralization assay based on a recombinant, β-gal expressing vaccinia virus. Results are reported as the serum dilution inhibiting 50% of virus activity (ID₅₀). The median ID₅₀ for all subjects was 132.2 (inter-quartile range (IQR) = 78.8, 205.6). While no significant differences were observed with race and ethnicity, females had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than males (158.5 [93.2, 255.8] vs. 124.1 [75.2, 185.9]; p < 0.0001). As expected, time since vaccination was also associated with variations in neutralizing antibody titers in our subjects. These data indicate that neutralizing antibody titers following primary smallpox vaccination vary by gender.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3319-3323
Number of pages	5
Journal	Vaccine
Volume	27
Issue number	25-26
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.086
State	Published - May 26 2009

Keywords

Neutralizing antibody
Smallpox vaccine
Vaccine response
Vaccinia

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Molecular Medicine
General Immunology and Microbiology
General Veterinary
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

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10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.086

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title = "Gender effects on humoral immune responses to smallpox vaccine",

abstract = "There are no data currently available on gender and racial variation in smallpox vaccine immune responses. We recruited 1076 healthy adults 18-40 years old who received one dose of the US-licensed smallpox vaccine (Dryvax{\textregistered}). Vaccinia neutralizing antibody titers in each subject's serum were determined using a high throughput neutralization assay based on a recombinant, β-gal expressing vaccinia virus. Results are reported as the serum dilution inhibiting 50% of virus activity (ID50). The median ID50 for all subjects was 132.2 (inter-quartile range (IQR) = 78.8, 205.6). While no significant differences were observed with race and ethnicity, females had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than males (158.5 [93.2, 255.8] vs. 124.1 [75.2, 185.9]; p < 0.0001). As expected, time since vaccination was also associated with variations in neutralizing antibody titers in our subjects. These data indicate that neutralizing antibody titers following primary smallpox vaccination vary by gender.",

keywords = "Neutralizing antibody, Smallpox vaccine, Vaccine response, Vaccinia",

author = "Kennedy, {Richard B.} and Ovsyannikova, {Inna G.} and Pankratz, {V. Shane} and Vierkant, {Robert A.} and Jacobson, {Robert M.} and Ryan, {Margaret A.K.} and Poland, {Gregory A.}",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Kevin L. Russell and the Naval Health Research Center team as well as the nurses and study coordinators of the Mayo Vaccine Research Group for their tremendous efforts in recruiting the large number of subjects needed for the study. We gratefully acknowledge the subjects who participated in our studies. We thank Dr. Hana Golding for sharing the β-gal vaccinia virus neutralization assay and for helpful discussions. We thank David A. Watson for statistical analysis and Cheri A. Hart for her editorial assistance. We acknowledge support from National Institutes of Health grants AI 40065 and 1 UL1 RR024150-01* for this work.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.086",

language = "English (US)",

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T1 - Gender effects on humoral immune responses to smallpox vaccine

AU - Kennedy, Richard B.

AU - Ovsyannikova, Inna G.

AU - Pankratz, V. Shane

AU - Vierkant, Robert A.

AU - Jacobson, Robert M.

AU - Ryan, Margaret A.K.

AU - Poland, Gregory A.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Kevin L. Russell and the Naval Health Research Center team as well as the nurses and study coordinators of the Mayo Vaccine Research Group for their tremendous efforts in recruiting the large number of subjects needed for the study. We gratefully acknowledge the subjects who participated in our studies. We thank Dr. Hana Golding for sharing the β-gal vaccinia virus neutralization assay and for helpful discussions. We thank David A. Watson for statistical analysis and Cheri A. Hart for her editorial assistance. We acknowledge support from National Institutes of Health grants AI 40065 and 1 UL1 RR024150-01* for this work.

PY - 2009/5/26

Y1 - 2009/5/26

N2 - There are no data currently available on gender and racial variation in smallpox vaccine immune responses. We recruited 1076 healthy adults 18-40 years old who received one dose of the US-licensed smallpox vaccine (Dryvax®). Vaccinia neutralizing antibody titers in each subject's serum were determined using a high throughput neutralization assay based on a recombinant, β-gal expressing vaccinia virus. Results are reported as the serum dilution inhibiting 50% of virus activity (ID50). The median ID50 for all subjects was 132.2 (inter-quartile range (IQR) = 78.8, 205.6). While no significant differences were observed with race and ethnicity, females had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than males (158.5 [93.2, 255.8] vs. 124.1 [75.2, 185.9]; p < 0.0001). As expected, time since vaccination was also associated with variations in neutralizing antibody titers in our subjects. These data indicate that neutralizing antibody titers following primary smallpox vaccination vary by gender.

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KW - Smallpox vaccine

KW - Vaccine response

KW - Vaccinia

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Gender effects on humoral immune responses to smallpox vaccine

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