Gastric Biopsies in Gastroparesis: Insights into Gastric Neuromuscular Disorders to Aid Treatment

Lakshmikanth L. Chikkamenahalli, Pankaj J. Pasricha, Gianrico Farrugia, Madhusudan Grover

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

The cellular and molecular understanding of human gastroparesis has markedly improved due to studies on full-thickness gastric biopsies. A decrease in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and functional changes in ICC constitutes the hallmark cellular feature of gastroparesis. More recently, in animal models, macrophages have also been identified to play a central role in development of delayed gastric emptying. Activation of macrophages leads to loss of ICC. In human gastroparesis, loss of anti-inflammatory macrophages in gastric muscle has been shown. Deeper molecular characterization using transcriptomics and proteomics has identified macrophage-based immune dysregulation in human gastroparesis.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)557-570
Number of pages14
JournalGastroenterology Clinics of North America
Volume49
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2020

Keywords

  • Diabetes
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Gastric emptying
  • Immune cells

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Gastroenterology

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