TY - JOUR
T1 - Fracture risk in type 2 diabetes
T2 - Update of a population-based study
AU - Melton, L. Joseph
AU - Leibson, Cynthia L.
AU - Achenbach, Sara J.
AU - Therneau, Terry M.
AU - Khosla, Sundeep
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2008/8
Y1 - 2008/8
N2 - We found no significant excess of fractures among Rochester, MN, residents with diabetes mellitus initially recognized in 1950-1969, but more recent studies elsewhere have documented an apparent increase in hip fracture risk. To explore potential explanations for any increase in fractures, we performed an historical cohort study among 1964 Rochester residents who first met glycemic criteria for diabetes in 1970-1994 (mean age, 61.7 ± 14.0 yr; 51% men). Fracture risk was estimated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and risk factors were evaluated in Andersen-Gill time-to-fracture regression models. In 23,236 person-years of follow-up, 700 diabetic residents experienced 1369 fractures documented by medical record review. Overall fracture risk was elevated (SIR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4), but hip fractures were increased only in follow-up beyond 10 yr (SIR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9). As expected, fracture risk factors included age, prior fracture, secondary osteoporosis, and corticosteroid use, whereas higher physical activity and body mass index were protective. Additionally, fractures were increased among patients with neuropathy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6) and those on insulin (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5); risk was reduced among users of biquanides (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.96), and no significant influence on fracture risk was seen with sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione use. Thus, contrary to our earlier study, the risk of fractures overall (and hip fractures specifically) was increased among Rochester residents with diabetes, but there was no evidence that the rise was caused by greater levels of obesity or newer treatments for diabetes.
AB - We found no significant excess of fractures among Rochester, MN, residents with diabetes mellitus initially recognized in 1950-1969, but more recent studies elsewhere have documented an apparent increase in hip fracture risk. To explore potential explanations for any increase in fractures, we performed an historical cohort study among 1964 Rochester residents who first met glycemic criteria for diabetes in 1970-1994 (mean age, 61.7 ± 14.0 yr; 51% men). Fracture risk was estimated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and risk factors were evaluated in Andersen-Gill time-to-fracture regression models. In 23,236 person-years of follow-up, 700 diabetic residents experienced 1369 fractures documented by medical record review. Overall fracture risk was elevated (SIR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4), but hip fractures were increased only in follow-up beyond 10 yr (SIR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9). As expected, fracture risk factors included age, prior fracture, secondary osteoporosis, and corticosteroid use, whereas higher physical activity and body mass index were protective. Additionally, fractures were increased among patients with neuropathy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6) and those on insulin (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5); risk was reduced among users of biquanides (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.96), and no significant influence on fracture risk was seen with sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione use. Thus, contrary to our earlier study, the risk of fractures overall (and hip fractures specifically) was increased among Rochester residents with diabetes, but there was no evidence that the rise was caused by greater levels of obesity or newer treatments for diabetes.
KW - Cohort study
KW - Diabetes
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Fractures
KW - Hip fracture
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U2 - 10.1359/jbmr.080323
DO - 10.1359/jbmr.080323
M3 - Article
C2 - 18348689
AN - SCOPUS:47849121803
VL - 23
SP - 1334
EP - 1342
JO - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
SN - 0884-0431
IS - 8
ER -