@article{45218184a9a64bf8a7b928a351ece6ee,
title = "Fifty years of impact on liver pathology: a history of the Gnomes",
abstract = "Professional societies play a major role in medicine and science. The societies tend to be large with well-developed administrative structures. An additional model, however, is based on small groups of experts who meet regularly in an egalitarian model in order to discuss disease-specific scientific and medical problems. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of this model, the history and practices are examined of a long-standing successful example, the International Liver Pathology Group, better known as the Gnomes. The history shows that groups such as the Gnomes offer a number of important benefits not available in larger societies and nurturing such groups advances science and medicine in meaningful ways. The success of the Gnomes{\textquoteright} approach provides a road map for future small scientific groups.",
keywords = "History, Liver, Model, Pathology, Scientific group",
author = "Michael Torbenson and Valeer Desmet and Helmut Denk and Francesco Callea and Burt, {Alastair D.} and H{\"u}bscher, {Stefan G.} and Luigi Terracciano and Dienes, {Hans Peter} and Goodman, {Zachary D.} and Pierre Bedossa and Wanless, {Ian R.} and Roberts, {Eve A.} and Brunt, {Elizabeth M.} and Clouston, {Andrew D.} and Gouw, {Annette S.H.} and David Kleiner and Peter Schirmacher and Dina Tiniakos",
note = "Funding Information: The Z{\"u}rich meeting was hosted by Martin Schmid, another founding member of the Gnomes, and was sponsored in part by Hoffman-La Roche & Company []. The paper that resulted from the Z{\"u}rich meeting is titled “A classification of chronic hepatitis” and summarized the new consensus classification of hepatitis developed by the nascent group soon to become known as the Gnomes. At the end of each day of this first meeting, Peter Scheuer (one of the founding members) typed up a summary of the day{\textquoteright}s discussion on a borrowed typewriter. As the only fluent English speaker, he became the de facto scribe and the meeting summaries formed the basis for the group{\textquoteright}s first paper []. The paper was quickly published in The Lancet in the fall of 1968. The classification system proposed in the paper attempted to identify patterns of hepatitis that were more likely to progress to cirrhosis (chronic aggressive hepatitis) versus those that were thought to be more indolent (chronic persistent hepatitis). This classification system built upon the earlier work of Valeer Desmet [], which in turn was built on the 1966 publication of Martin Schmid [], was an important early step in understanding chronic hepatitis and helped lay the foundation for modern understandings of inflammatory liver diseases. The basic dichotomy of chronic aggressive hepatitis versus chronic persistent hepatitis is no longer in use, but the core notion of the importance of “piecemeal necrosis” (now called interface activity) remains relevant to this day. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1007/s00428-020-02879-5",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "478",
pages = "191--200",
journal = "Virchows Archiv - Abteilung A Pathologische Anatomie",
issn = "0945-6317",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "2",
}